2022年心理学考研英语二真题及答案

由于2022年心理学考研英语二真题已经公布，希赛网为大家准备了英语二真题及答案资料如下，希望能给大家带来帮助。

完形填空

Harlan coben believes that if you're a writer，you'll find the time;and that if you can't find the time，then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer.For him,writing is a ① job ,a job like any other .He has ② it with plambing . Pointing out that a flamber doesn't wake up and say that he can't wofk with pipes today ③ .like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, it's not ④ to find the time to write. But it' s not impossible ,ltrequires determination and single-mindedness. ⑤ that most best selling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living.And today, even writers who are fairly ⑥ often have to do other work to ⑦ their writing income.

As Harlan Coben has suggested it's a ⑧ of priorities.To make writing a priority.you'll have to ⑨ Some of your day-to-day activities and Same things you really enjoy, Depending on your ⑩ and your lifestyle .that might mean spending less time watching television orlistening to music, though some people can write ⑪ they listen to music.you might have to ⑫ the amount of exercise or sport you do.You'll have to make social media an ⑬ activity rather than a daily, time-consuming ⑭.There 'll probably have to be less socialising with your with your family . It's a ⑮learningcurve,and it won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for ⑯ your writing and that's reading . Any write needs to read as mach and as widely as they can. It's the one ⑰ sapporter -Something you can't do without.Time is finite,The older you yet,the ⑱ it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as ⑲ as we can.that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do.lf you are a writer,that means ⑳ writing.

1、

A.difficult

B.normal

C.steady

D.pleasant

答案：B

2、

A.combined

B.compared

C.confused

D.confranted

答案：B

3、

A.If

B.Through

C.Once

D.Unless

答案：A

4、

A.enough

B.strange

C.wrong

D.easy

答案：D

5、

A.Accept

B.Explain

C.Remember

D.Suppose

答案：C

6、

A.well-known

B.well-advised

C.well-informed

D.well-chosen

答案：A

7、

A.donate

B.generate

C.supplement

D.calculate

答案：C

8、

A.cause

B.purpose

C.question

D.condition

答案：C

9、

A.highlight

B.sacrifice

C.continue

D.explore

答案：B

10、

A.relations

B.interests

C.memoties

D.skills

答案：B

11、

A.until

B.because

C.while

D.before

答案：C

12、

A.put up with

B.make up for

C.hang on to

D.cut down on

答案：D

13、

A.intelligent

B.occasional

C.intensive

D.emotional

答案：B

14、

A.habit

B.test

D.decision

D.plan

答案：A

15、

A.tough

B.gentle

C.rapid

D.funny

答案：A

16、

A.in addition to

B.in charge of

C.in response to

D.in addition to

答案：D

17、

A.indispensable

B.innovative

C.invisible

D.instant

答案：A

18、

A.duller

B.harder

C.quieter

D.quicker

答案：B

19、

A.peacefully

B.generously

C.productively

D.gratefully

答案：C

20、

A.at most

B.in turn

C.on average

D.above all

答案：D

阅读理解

Text 1

"Reskilling"is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we pl to have a future inwhich a lot of would- be worke do not get left behind.We know we are moving i a period where thejobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.ResearchbytheWorld Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percentof the " core skill within job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline.

The question of who should pay for reskilling is athorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alway happen.AT&Tis often given as the gold standar of a company that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create thel own plans.When the skills mismatchis in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle.Effortsin Canadaand elsewhere have been arguablylanguid at best,arhave given us a situation where we frequently heThequestion of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is alwaysto let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not alway happen.AT&Tis often given asthe gold standar of a company that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire- and-hire strate gy.Other companies had also pledged to create thel ownplans.When the skills mismatchis in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to

government to handle. Effortsin Canada and elsewhere have been arguablylanguid at best,ar have given us a .situation where we frequently hear.of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regions whereunemployment is high.

With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeedln February,at 3 ,5United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As ofMay,those rates had spi upto13.3per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many

worker shortages had disappeared, not all had doneso.In the medical fheld, to take an obvious example,thepandemic meant that there were still clear shortagesofdoctors,nurses and other medical personnel.ofemployers begging for workers,even at times and inregions where unemployment is high.

With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeedIn February,at 3.5United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As ofMay,those rates had spi upto13.3per cent and 13.7 per cent,and althoug manyworker shortages had disappeared, not all had doneso.In the medical fheld, to take an obvious example,thepandemic meant that there were still clear shortagesofdoctors,nurses and other medical personnel.

Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployedwaiter and train him to be a doct in а few weeks. Buteven if you cannot close that gap, may be you can close

even if you cannot close that gap, may be you can closeothers, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden: Whenforced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start upa shortretraining program that reskilled the laid-off work ers tosupport hospital staff.The effort was a collec tive oneand involved other companies as wellas a Swedishuniversity.

21、The climate-friendly eggs are producted

A.at a considerably low cost

B.at the demand of regular shoppers

C.as a replacement for organic eggs

D.on specially designed forms

答案：D

22、Lary Brown is ecited about his pogess in

A.reducing the damage of worms

B.accelerating the disposal of uest

C.creating a sustainable system

D.attracting customers to his products

答案：C

23、The example of organic eggs is used in the paragragh 4 to suggest

A.the doubts over natural feeds

B.the setbacks in the eggs industry

C.the potential of regenerative products

D.the promotional success of super markets

答案：C

24、It can be learned from the last paragragh that young people

A.are reluctant to change their diet

B.are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs

C.are curious about new foods

D.are amazed at agruculoure advances

答案：B

25、John Brungvell would disagree with Julie Stanton ever regenerative products

A.markets prospects

B.nutritional value

C.market prospect

D.moral implications

答案：A

Text 2

More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.

One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of"unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.

Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal flillment such as staying mentally fit,preventing boredom or avoiding depression." The concept of retirement is evolving, ' said Christine

Russell,senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade." It's not just about finances.

The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the US workforce. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February 2019, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985 according to money manager United Income Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD.

Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees" are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years， Salo Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that pre-retirees should speak with a financial advisor to set long term financial goals.

"The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring' Weiss said."It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire.'

26、The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that

A.over half of the retirees are physally fit for work

B.the old workforce is as active as the younger one

C.one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement

D.more Americans are willing to work in retirement

答案：D

27、It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that

A.retirement may cause problems for them

B.boredom can be relieved after retirement

C.the mental health of retirees is overlooked

D."unretirement " contributes to the economy

答案：A

28、Retirement pattems are changing partly due to

A. labor shortages

B. population growth

C . longer life expectancy

D. rising living costs

答案：C

29、Many retires are inreasing ir swines by

A.investing more in stocks

B.investing more in stocks

C.taking up odd jobs

D.spending less

答案：D

30、With regard to retirement，Brent Weiss thinks that many people are

A.unprepared

B.Unafraid

C.disappointed

D.enthusiastic

答案：A

Text 3

We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership oribscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancelSomething that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionallyor unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice, hese are examp-k patternsFirst

coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, dark patterns"is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence thedecision-making ability of users. Brignull identifhes 12 types of common darkatterns, ranging from

misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, " where alser experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when theuser tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11, 000 websites, researchersfound that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widelyprevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business andnonproft leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areasthey engenderWhere is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns ?Businesses should engage In conversations with Il, compliance, risk, and legalteams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion thecustomer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's userinterface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups,checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a roleln creating or avoiding' 'digital deceptionL awmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguityaround dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the Californiaamountnced the approval of additional conversations with II, compliance, risk, and legalteams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion thecustomer/ user

experience designers and coders responsible for the company's userinterface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsibl for sign-ups,checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a roleln creating or avoiding" digital deceptionL _awmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguityaround dark patterns, most recently at the state level.

In March, the Californiaamountnced the approval of additional regulations under thnen seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. " Theregulations aim to ban dark pattems -this means prohibiting companies fromusing' 'confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to clickthrough multiple screens or listen to

reasons why they shouldnt opt outAs more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a needfor greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns alsobe addressed on a self-regulatory basis, butsonly if

organizations holdthemselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry bestpractices and standard

31. It.an be leamed fom he frst two paragraphs that dark pttrens

A. improve user experiences

B. leak user ifnriation for profit

C. undermine users' decision-making

D. remind users of hidden costs

答案：C

32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show

A.their major flaws

B. their complex designs

C.their severe damage

D.their strong presence

答案：D

33.To handle digital deception,businesses should --------

A.listen to customer feedback

B.talk with relevant terms

C.turn to independent agencies

D.rely on professional training

答案：B

34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intened to ----

A.guide users through opt-out processes

B.protect consumers from being tricked

C.grant companies data privacy rights

D.restrict access to problematic content

答案：B

35.According to the last paragraph ，a key to coping with dark patterns is -----

A.new legal requirements

B.businesses' self-discipine

C.strict regulatory standars

D.consumers' safety awareness

答案：B

Text 4

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class session' s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester - nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.

Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on arrange of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent - and this effect held steady for the study' s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.

"That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty . small intervention,"Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role .Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel - who had predicted no effect - will be eating his words.

36、Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are—

A.hard to determine

B.narrowly interpreted

C.difficult to ignore

D.poorly summarized

答案：A

37、Which of the fllowing is a reason for the researchers to study meat- eating?

A.It is common among students.

B.It is a behavior easy to measure

C.It is important to students' health

D.It is a hot topic in ethics classes

答案：B

38、Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors

A.are seldom critical of their students

B.are less sociable than other professors

C.are not sensitive to political ssues

D.are not necessarily ethically better

答案：D

39、Nina strohminger tinks that the effect of the intervention is

A.permanent

B.predictable

C.uncertain

D.uncertain

答案：C

40、Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students change in behaviour

A.can bring psychological benefits

B.can be analyzed statistically

C.can be analyzed statistically

D.is a sign of self-development

答案：C

新题型

A.Make it a habit

B.Don't go it alone

C.Start low, go slow

D.Talk with your doctor

E.Listen to your body

F.Go through the motions

G.Round out your routine

How to Get Active Again

getting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of OVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it' s important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout," says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. Follow this advice to return to exercise safely.

41.————————————

Don't try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to 1 mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do overnight," Denay says. But you' || reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.

42.————————————

If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a lttle longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.

43.————————————

Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.

44.————————————

Even if you can' t yet do a favorite activity, you can practice theI moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you' re hitting the ball. Paddle like you' re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.

45.————————————

Exercising with others "can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you're more likely to do it again," Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. Face Time or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a live stream or on-demand exerese class.

翻译

Although we try out best,sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned.Changes in the light,the limitations of your painting materials,and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.

Although this can be frustrating and disappointing,itturns out that this can actually be good for you.

Unexpected result have two benefits: you pretty quicklylearn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, anther opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.

In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incrediblyuseful in daily life, with which you are more likely to beable to find a solution when a problem arises.

写作

47、suppose you are planning a campus food festival ,write an mail to international students in youruniversity to

1) introduce the food festival and

2) invite them to participate

48、Write an essay based on the chart below.ln your writing,you should

1)interpret the chart,and

2)give your comments