英语学习始于单词,考研英语大纲当中也要求考生至少要熟练掌握5500左右的单词数量。希赛网整理了考研英语常用词汇(一百八十五),供各位研考生查看参考。更多考研英语词汇内容,点击考研英语常用词汇汇总进行查看。
1. retain [rɪˈteɪn] v.(retains, retaining, retained, retained)
构词:re(再,又)+ tain(持有)→ 再次持有 → 保留,继续拥有
vt. 保留,持有,继续拥有;保持,继续容纳;预聘,(付定金)聘请(律师等)
拓展:
同:v. keep, keep up, hold, maintain, save
派:retainer n.保持器;保持者;[机] 护圈;预付费用
例句:I have a bad memory and find it hard to retain facts.
我记忆力不好,很难记住事情。
He thought the most important thing was to retain the services of a lawyer.
他认为最重要的是先聘请律师。
2. retention [rɪˈtenʃn] n.(U)
n. 维持,保留;(液体、热量等的)保持,阻滞;记忆力,记性
常用搭配:retention time [分化]保留时间;[电子]保持时间
water retention 保水;保水性;水分保持
customer retention 顾客维系
retention period 保存期
拓展:
同:n. memory, preservation, mind, hold, reservation
派:retentiveness n.好记性,保持力
retentivity n.记忆力;保持力;保磁性
retentively adv.记性好地;保持地
retentive adj.保持的;记性好的
例句:Repeated practice aids the retention of information.
重复练习有助于加强记忆。
System has a retention period of three months.
系统对数据保留的周期是3个月。
3. retort [rɪˈtɔːt] v.(retorts, retorting, retorted, retorted)/n.(retorts)
构词:re(回,向后)+ tort(扭,转)→ 向后(反方向)扭转 → 反驳,反击
v. 反驳,反击,(生气或幽默地)回嘴
n. (生气或幽默的)反驳,回应;曲颈瓶,蒸馏器
常用搭配:courteous retort 礼貌的反击礼貌的还击
拓展:
同:v. refute, disprove, talk back, answer sb. back n. contradiction, oppugnation
例句:“What did I do wrong?” she retorted angrily.
“我做错什么了?”她生气地反驳道。
His retort apparently didn’t work.
他的反驳显然没什么作用。
4. retrieve [rɪˈtriːv] v.(retrieves, retrieving, retrieved, retrieved)
vt. 检索(数据),搜索(信息);取回,找回;挽回,扭转局面
常用搭配:retrieve sth. (from sb./sth.) 取回,找回
retrieve data 检索数据
beyond retrieve 不可恢复,不可挽回
拓展:
同:v. restore, repair n. recovery, restoration, renewal
派:retrieval n.检索;恢复;取回;拯救
retriever n.(训练成能寻回猎物的)猎犬;取回的人
retrievable 可取回的;可补偿的;可检索的
例句:I need to retrieve information from the database.
我需要从数据库中检索资料。
There’s nothing you can do to retrieve this situation.
无论你做什么都无法挽回这个局面。
5. retrospect [ˈretrəspekt] v.(retrospects, retrospecting, retrospected, retrospected)/n.(retrospects)
构词:retro(回,向后)+ spect(看)→ 向后看,向回看 → 回顾,追溯
n. 回顾,回想
vt./vi. 回顾,追溯
常用搭配:in retrospect 回顾;回想;追溯往事
拓展:
同:n. review, recalling v. look back, look back on
派:retrospective n.回顾展
retrospection n.回顾;反省;追忆
retrospectively adv.回顾地
retrospective adj.回顾的;怀旧的;可追溯的
例句:In retrospect, I should have studied harder.
回想起来,我当时真应该努力学习。
In retrospect and in prospect, we will create brilliance again.
回顾过去、展望未来,我们再创辉煌。
6. revelation [ˌrevəˈleɪʃn] n.(revelations)
n. 被曝光的秘闻,被揭示的真相;揭露,披露,透露;(上帝的)启示
常用搭配:revelation (about/concerning sth.) / (revelation (that…)
被曝光的秘闻,被揭示的真相
revelation (of sth.) 揭露,披露,透露
come as/be a revelation (to sb.) 让人大开眼界,令人耳目一新,出乎意料
拓展:
同:n. exposure, message
派:revelatory adj.泄露的,启示的
例句:His strange behavior came as a revelation to me.
他的奇怪行为让我大开眼界(出乎我的意料)。
He was afraid that the revelation of truth would lead to his dismissal.
他害怕真相披露之后会导致他被辞退。
7. revenge [rɪˈvendʒ] n.(revenges)/v.(revenges, revenging, revenged, revenged)
构词:re(再,回)+ venge(复仇)→ 返回来复仇 →报仇
n. 报仇,报复;(曾经失败一方的)一雪前耻,打败对手
v. 报仇,报复;替……报仇
常用搭配:revenge yourself on sb./be revenged on sb. 报复,向(某人)报仇
revenge for 为……报复
take revenge on 对……实施报复
拓展:
同:v. get back on, get even with, right a wrong n. vengeance, retaliation, revanche
派:revengefully adv.燃起报复念头地
revengeful adj.深藏仇恨的;燃起复仇念头的
辨:revenge和avenge
revenge意为“报仇,报复”,通常用作名词,在较正式或文学用语中可做动词。常用表达为revenge oneself on sb.或be revenged on sb.均表示“向某人报仇”。例:He swore to be revenged on his enemy.(他发誓要向敌人报仇。)
avenge意为“替……报仇,报复”,只有动词意义。常用表达为avenge oneself on sb.“向某人报仇”;avenge sth.“报某事之仇”(注:revenge无此用法);take revenge on sb.“报复某人”。例:She vowed to avenge her daughter’s death.(她发誓要为她女儿之死报仇。)
例句:He swore to be revenged on his enemy.
他发誓要向敌人报仇。
The team decided to get revenge for their defeat in last season.
球队决定为上个赛季的失利一雪前耻。
8. review [rɪˈvjuː] n.(reviews)/v.(reviews, reviewing, reviewed, reviewed)
n. 评审,审查,检查,审核(以进行必要的修改);(对书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论,书评,影评;报告,汇报;检阅,阅兵式;(尤指为准备考试的)复习课
vt. 复查,重新考虑;反思,回顾;写(关于书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论;检阅(部队);(尤指为准备考试而)而复习;审核,校阅
常用搭配:literature review 文献回顾;文献综述;文献评论
judicial review n. 司法审查;复审
comprehensive review 全面审查
general review 总复习;一般性综述
拓展:
同:n. comment, retrospection v. examine, inspect, look back on/to
派:reviewer 评论者,评论家
辨:review,journal和magazine
review意为“评论杂志”,多指主要刊登评论性文章的刊物。例:He’s the major editor of the ‘Sunday Review’. (他是《星期天评论》的主编。)
journal意为“日报,期刊,杂志”,指定期发行的周刊、月刊、季刊等,多指学术或专业团体出版的刊物或学报。例:He just published a paper in the journal Nature.(他刚刚在《自然》杂志上发表了一篇论文。)
magazine意为“杂志”,常用词,指刊登各种文章、图片等的杂志。例:The cover of this magazine is very attractive.(这本杂志的封面很吸引人。)
例句:The government reviews its education policy regularly.
政府会定期对其教育政策进行检讨。
His parole application is under review.
他的假释申请正在审查中。
9. revise [rɪˈvaɪz] v.(revises, revising, revised, revised)
构词:re(再,又)+ vis(=see,看)+ e →再看,重新审查 →修改,修正
v. 修改,修订,修正;改变(意见或计划);复习,温习
常用搭配:revise for v. 复习功课(迎考)
拓展:
同:v. update, edit, amend, emend, remedy, correct, rectify, n. recension, emendation
派:revised v.修改;校订;复习
revision n.[印刷] 修正;复习;修订本
revisionism n.修正主义
revisal n.修正;修订
reviser n.校订者;修订者
revised adj.改进的
辨:revise,amend,emend,remedy,correct和rectify
revise意为“修改,修订,修正”,指通过仔细阅读、反复思考后有新的内容或想法而进行修改、修正或修订,使趋于完善。例:We will use a revised edition of our textbook this year.(今年我们将使用课本的修订版。)
amend意为“修改,改进,改善”,指对书面或口头的内容进行一些更正。例:The contract was amended to make it more reasonable.(该合同经过修改之后更加合理。)
emend意为“修订,校对”,特指修改文稿。例:The manuscript was only can be emended by the author.(这份原稿只有作者可以修改。)
remedy意为“补救,解决办法”,通常指在局部范围内进行纠正,尤指解决较困难或棘手的问题。例:There is no simple remedy for this situation.(这种情形没有简单的解决办法。)
correct意为“改正,纠正”,常用词,指按一定标准或规则来衡量,从而改正或纠正不正确、不真实或有缺点的东西。例:You should correct any mistakes that you find in your homework.(家庭作业中发现的任何错误都要改正过来。)
rectify意为“矫正,纠正”,正式用词,侧重指彻底改正偏离正确标准或规则的东西。例:The order of the tourism market needs to be rectified.(旅游市场秩序需要进行整顿。)
例句:We will use a revised edition of our textbook this year.
今年我们将使用课本的修订版。
I can’t go out this weekend. I have to revise for my exam.
这个周末我不能出去,我得复习备考。
10. revive [rɪˈvaɪv] v.(revives, reviving, revived, revived)
v. 复活,(使)复苏,(使)苏醒;重新使用,(使)再次流行;重新上演(戏剧、歌剧或芭蕾等)
拓展:
同:v. recall, reinvigorate, resurge, come back to life again
派:revived v.使复活,使恢复
revivify v.复活,再生;振奋精神
revival n.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;再生效
revivalism n.信仰复兴运动;复兴倾向
revivalist n.领导宗教复兴运动的人;复旧者
revivification n.恢复,还原;复活
revived adj.复活的,再生的
例句:The economy normally revives after the doldrums.
经济通常在萧条期过后会复苏。
His plays are being revived at the National Theatre.
他的剧作正在剧院重新上演。