2021年考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（3）

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Section III Translation

Directions：

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese。 Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)

Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama。 By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。 These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs， but in England， as everywhere else in western Europe， the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular， whether it should be new or old， classical or medieval， literary or farcical。 Court， school organizations of amateurs， and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

When Shakespeare was twelve years old， the first public playhouse was built in London。 For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage。 Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court， or for the choir boys of St。 Paul’s and the royal chapel， who， however， gave plays in public as well as at court。(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。 By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five， Lyly， Peele， and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides。 (49)A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history， for in this brief period we may trace the beginning， growth， blossoming， and decay of many kinds of plays， and of many great careers。 We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced， as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants。 (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

Section III Translation

(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。

[题目考点]代词还原;并列结构

[句子结构]and并列两个句子，主干分别为：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama为定语修饰the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为状语

[重点词汇]witness 见证 religious宗教的 drama戏剧 incentive刺激

[参考译文]莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

[题目考点]定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

[句子结构]主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰boy， that引导为形容词ignorant的宾语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰a form of literature， gave…and might bring honor…为先行词a form of literature的并列谓语结构。

[重点词汇]grammar school 文法学校 ignorant忽视 literature文学 glory 荣耀

[参考译文]任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。

[题目考点]并列句

[句子结构]并列句主干分别为：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

[重点词汇]professional 专业的 prosper繁荣 permanent theater一直性剧院

[参考译文]但是专业公司的一直性剧院却兴旺起来，于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅速抓住机遇，将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49) A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

[题目考点]伴随状语，并列结构，被动语态

[句子结构]本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单句：a … drama had been created， with引导一个伴随状语;and后的句子也为一个被动语态的简单句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

[重点词汇]alliance作为名词意为“联盟，联合;联姻”，常与介词with进行搭配使用。establish作为动词意为“建立，创办”，也可引申为“诞生”。at least为固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作为名词表示“传统，惯例”。

[参考译文]一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少它的一些优良传统开始登上历史舞台了。

(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

[题目考点]非谓语，宾语从句，定语从句

[句子结构]本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember…”，主句之前的非谓语to realize作为目的状语，后接了一个how引导的宾语从句。主句中，两个that分别引导了两个remember的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中，有一个whose引导的定语从句，修饰author of note。

[重点词汇]realize作为动词表示“实现，了解，认识到”。dramatic为drama的形容词形式，意思为“戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的”。survive作为动词表示“幸存，活下来;比…活得长”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

[参考译文]为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了，并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。