2017年首都经济贸易大学考博英语真题(阅读理解)

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The American Revolution 1775-1783, was a struggle by which the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States won independence from Britain. By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country. The British Government tried to regulate colonial commerce in the British interest, and provoked colonial opposition. The colonists convened the Continental Congress and petitioned the king for redress of their grievances. In 1774 Britain responded with the coercive Intolerable Acts. Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army and on July 4, 1776. adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists. The surrender. October 1781, of General Cornwallis ended the fighting and the Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized the U.S. as a nation.

The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.

1.The American Revolution broke out mainly as a result of conflicts between the thirteen colonies and Britain in( ).

A、ideological trends

B、life styles

C、cultural differences

D、economic interests

2.The word "coercive" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ( ).

A、compelling by force

B、compensating the loss

C、coming to terms by negotiation

D、reconciling by a compromise

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