2022年江西师范大学考博英语真题（可直接下载）

2022年江西师范大学考博英语真题

II. Reading Comprehension (30%, 3 points each)

Directions: Read the following two passages and choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Passage One

Anxiety is part of your body’s stress-response system. “I describe anxiety as a future-oriented emotional response to a perceived threat,” says Dr. Joel Minden, a clinical psychologist. “We anticipate that something bad will happen. Maybe we have evidence for thinking that. Maybe we don’t.” Almost immediately after that, Minden says, your nervous system, which controls involuntary processes like breathing and heart rate, kicks into high gear. Your blood pressure rises, and you break out into sweats.

Anxiety can show itself in many ways. You might perceive something as threatening, even when it isn’t, or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios that are unlikely to happen. Maybe you’re indecisive and fear making the wrong decision. Or you might find yourself unable to relax and feel restless.

Often, those symptoms last only as long as a certain situation or problem is present. But sometimes anxiety can tip into a chronic anxiety disorder. People with an anxiety disorder can also suffer from depression. The distinction between chronic or temporary anxiety and a more severe case isn’t always easy to make. “There isn’t a blood test for anxiety. At some point, everybody experiences it,” he says. “It becomes a disorder when it interferes with your behavioural choices and your ability to do as you wish in life.”

Just like happiness and sadness, anxiety is part of everyone’s lived experience—but it’s not always tolerated as such. “People spend too much time and effort on trying to control anxiety,” says Minden. If you try to banish it, he adds, all you’re doing is putting it more at the forefront of your mind. But if you accept anxiety as part of life, you can learn to relate to it with self-compassion. This is a cornerstone of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which has been gaining clinical validation, including by the American Psychological Association.

ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard. Practitioners encourage patients to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts, examining their causes while also keeping in mind their personal goals and values. Although anxious thoughts shouldn’t be completely suppressed, sufferers can deliberately not allow anxiety to decide what gets their attention or turn them away from what they want to do and who they want to be.

16. What does the underlined phrase “kicks into high gear” mean in Paragraph 1?

A. Slowing down its function

B. Working at top speed

C. Starting to work regularly

D. Responding accordingly

17. What might a person do in anxiety?

A. He might love uneasy situations

B. He might feel much motivated

C. He might be unable to relax

D. He might show up in public

18. Why is the distinction between temporary anxiety and a more severe case difficult to make?

A. Because there’s no specific test for them

B. Because they emerge occasionally

C. Because they usually disappear quickly

D. Because people can adjust properly

19. What does Minden suggest doing with anxiety in Paragraph 4?

A. Putting it at the forefront

B. Trying to suppress it

C. Accepting it as part of life

D. Paying attention to it

20. What can we infer about ACT?

A. It is a therapy of American Psychological Association

B. It encourages patients to skip the hard parts of life

C. It helps patients focus on personal goals and values

D. It uses anxious thoughts to form unpleasant emotions

III. Translation (15%)

Directions: Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese.

Once upon a time, in the sixth century B.C.E., when the mists of antiquity still shrouded much of human history, three great sages were born in the cradles of three ancient civilizations. From the Hellenic world emerged Pythagoras; from India, Siddhartha Gautama; from China, Lao Tzu. Each of them gave priceless gifts to all of humanity: invaluable treasures that would transform individuals yet unborn and sustain great civilizations yet to come. From the mind of Pythagoras sprang rational mysticism. From the mind of Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince who became the first Buddha, sprang Buddhism. From the mind of Lao Tzu sprang the Dao De Jing. These three sages were contemporaries, but they never met, except perhaps in dreams. Together, they achieved the greatest leap forward that humanity has ever taken, an evolution neither of DNA, nor of technology, nor of politics. This triumvirate of sages engendered an evolution of consciousness, which is our most precious human possession, albeit (ironically) one that we frequently take for granted and fail to develop fully. Karl Jaspers, the multifaceted German philosopher, psychiatrist, and theologian, called this ancient era the Axial Age. Why? Because it was indeed a giant axis, around which the future promise of humanity revolved. Everything we need to know about happiness and fulfillment, peace and prosperity, love and family, creativity and art, good governance and sustainable civilization, can be learned from the Axial Age.

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