2018年首都经济贸易大学考博英语真题

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单选题：

1、The reception was attended by( )members of the local community.

A、 noticeable

B、 prominent

C、 conspicuous

D、 excellent

2、As a developing country, we must keep( )with the rapid development of the world economy.

A、 pace

B、 move

C、 step

D、 speed

3、The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to( ) food for the whole voyage.

A、 conserve

B、 reserve

C、 preserve

D、 maintain

阅读理解：

1、During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback - a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen - and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future health care. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent - and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance - have jumped eight fold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

1.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ( ).

A、 the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.

B、 their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.

C、 they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.

D、 they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.

2.As a result of Present Bush’s reform, retired people may have( ).

A、 a higher sense of security.

B、 less chance to invest.

C、 less secured payments.

D、 a guaranteed future.

翻译：

A. Translate the following into Chinese (15%)

Surveys show that men’s attitudes to risk are typically more enthusiastic, whereas women are more likely to buy and hold, which leads financial advisers to conclude that men are less risk-averse. And men are more likely to say that they understand financial concepts, which might seem to suggest that they are more financially literate.

But it may be more accurate to say that women are more risk-aware and less deluded about their financial competence. A study in 2001 by Brad Barber, an academic in the field of behavioural finance, showed that women out performed men in the market by one percentage point a year. The main reason, he argued, was that men were much more likely to be overconfident than women, and hence to carry out unprofitable trades.

Another difference is that men are more likely to say that outperforming the market is their top investment goal, whereas women tend to mention specific financial goals, such as buying a house or retiring at 60. Affluent women are more likely to seek financial advice and fewer direct their own investments compared with men. according to Century, a research firm. But they seem to be less satisfied with the advice they are getting. A survey in 2016 by Econsult, a consultancy, found that 62% of women with significant assets under management would consider abandoning their manager, compared with 44% of men.

B. Translate the following into English(15%)

写作：

Some people think that the best way to run a business is within the family. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a family-run business? Discuss this issue. Your essay should be no less than 200 words.

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