2021年医学考博英语听力复习资料：什么是发热

根据全国医学博士外语统一考试大纲可知，全国医学博士外语统一考试听力部分占试卷总分值的30%，包括SectionA和SectionB部分，通常以细节题、推断题、固定词组等考查为主。下面小编为大家介绍分享医学考博英语听力对话备考资料，跟小编一起来学习下吧。

huanying What is a fever? 

Fever is defined as a body temperature that is 1 or more degrees higher than normal. Normal body temperature varies from person to person, by age, by the time of day, and by the part of the body where it is measured. Other factors such as strenuous exercise, medicines, or even excitement can also affect body temperature.

Your temperature can be measured with a thermometer inthe mouth, ear, or rectum, or under the armpit. When the temperature is measured in the mouth (orally):

A temperature between 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit (F) , or 36.1 to 37.2 degrees Celsius (C), is considered normal.

A temperature of 100 to 102 degrees F (37.8 to 38.9 degrees C) is usually called a low-grade feve.

A temperature of 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) or higher is calleda high-grade fever.

Generally, oral temperatures of 102 degrees F (38.9 degrees C) or higher are fevers that may be more serious.

Temperatures measured in the ear or rectum are higher than oral temperatures by one half to 1 degree F (about one half degree C), and temperatures measured in the armpit are lower by one half to 1 degree F (about one half degree C).

What causes fever?

A fever is a symptom, not a disease. Fever can be a sign that the body is fighting an infection. Fever may occur with viral or bacterial infections such as ear infections, the flu, severe colds, sore throats, pneumonia, stomach viruses, or urinary tract infections. A fever can also be a symptom of other medical problems such as dehydration, a thyroid disorder, or an autoimmune problem.

How is it treated?

Not all fevers mean you have a serious illness or need medicine. Children often have high temperatures, even with minor viral infections. On the other hand, older adults may have a serious infection and not have a fever.

For low-grade fevers below 101 degrees F (38.9 degrees C), get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids, especially water. Dress in light, comfortable clothing. Do not bundle  in heavy clothes or blankets. Keep the room cool but not uncomfortable. Bathing or sponging in lukewarm water may also help. Medicines are not needed for a low-grade fever unless your healthcare provider recommends them.

Use nonprescription medicines to reduce fever if the temperature is 102 degrees F (38.9 degrees C) or higher and you are feeling uncomfortable. Adults can use acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, or aspirin. Children under 18 years of age should not take aspirin or products containing salicylate水 (such as Pepto-Bismol because of the risk of Reye's syndrome unless recommended by a healthcare provider. Take the medicine according to the directions on the package or follow your provider's instructions.

Some precautions you should follow are:

Do not take acetaminophen if you have liver or kidney disease.

If you have asthma, ask your healthcare provider if it is OK to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)非甾体抗炎药 such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

Take NSAIDs with food or milk to prevent stomach upset.

Do not give ibuprofen to babies infants under 6 months of age.

Do not drink alcohol.

Medicines should reduce fever within 1 to 2 hours. Recheck your temperature to see if the medicine is working. You may need to repeat dosesaccording to the directions until the illnessruns its course. To keep track of doses, write down the name of the medicine and when each dose is taken, especially if you are taking more than 1 medicine.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

For fever in children contact your healthcare provider in the following cases:

a baby younger than 3 months with any fever

a baby between 3 and 6 months with a fever of 101 degrees F (38.3 degrees C) or higher

a baby between 6 and 12 months with a fever of 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) or higher

a fever that stays above 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) after an hour or two of home treatment

a fever that lasts more than 24 to 48 hours in a child less than 2 years old

a child who has a fever and is crying a lot, sleeping more than usual, or is not as alert as usual

a fever of 104 degrees F (40 degrees C) or higher, unless it comes down easily with treatment and the child is comfortable.

Other symptoms of concern with a fever in children are:

lethargy (awake, but not active or interested in anything)

repeated vomiting

being too ill to drink or refusing to drink

stomachache

severe headache

a rash

behavior that is different than usual, especially constantly irritable.

Adults should contact their healthcare provider if they have:

a fever of 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) or higher

a fever of 101 degrees F (38.3 degrees C) or higher that lasts longer than 2 days

fever and any of the following symptoms:

shortness of breath 

severe headache or a headache that does not go away

a very stiff neck and pain when bending the head forward

repeated vomiting

sensitivity to bright lights

confusion or drowsiness

seizure or convulsion

moderate to severe pain, for example, abdominal pain or back pain

redness, swelling, tenderness, or other signs of infection on their skin.

If you are pregnant, call your provider if you have:

a temperature of 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) or higher

any temperature that is higher than normal for you and lasts 3 or more days even though you are taking acetaminophen.

Also call your provider if a fever is getting worse or not getting betterafter 2 to 3 days of treatment.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

HIA File NEUR5057.HTM Release 11.0/2008

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