2019年PETS-3冲刺模拟试题第四套

If you could be anybody in the world,who would it be?Your neighbour or a super star?A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person,thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device.Rikke Wahl,an actress,model and artist,was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab,a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona.She swapped with her partner,an actor,using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man."As I looked down,I saw my whole body as a man,dressed in my partner's pants,"she said."That's the picture I remember best."

The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top.The video from each camera is sent to the other person,so what you see is the exact view of your partner.If she moves her arm,you see it.If you move your arm,she sees it.

To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it,participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly,so that the other can follow along.Eventually,this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable,and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.

Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better.Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test,which measures the strength of people's associations between,for instance,black people and adjectives such as good,bad,athletic or awkward.Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses,before taking the test again.This time,the participants'bias scores were lower.The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another's shoes"you're less likely to think ill of them,because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result."At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms,"says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project."It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience.I would really,really recommend it to everyone."

1、We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.

A.our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B.we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

C.participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D.The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

参考答案：A

参考解析：根据文章第三段的最后一句话：Eventually,this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable,and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.可知从Be another lab的体验可以推断出我们的感觉和身体的经验有关，所以选A

2、The word"swapping"(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to______.

A.building

B.exchanging

C.controlling

D.transplanting

参考答案：B

参考解析：根据第一段的最后的描写：She swapped with her partner,an actor,using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man."As I looked down,I saw my whole body as a man,dressed in my partner's pants,"she said."That's the picture I remember best."可知女演员和男演员互换角色，所以swapping的意思是“交换”，所以选B。

3、It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A.technology helps people realize their dreams

B.our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C.virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D.our points of view about others need changing constantly

参考答案：C

参考解析：根据文章最后一段的句子："At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms,"says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project可知虚拟现实帮助促进人们之间的理解，所以选C。

4、In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,______.

A.they fought strongly against racism

B.they scored lower on the test for racism

C.they changed their behaviour dramatically

D.they were more biased against those unlike them

参考答案：D

参考解析：根据文章第四段的句子：Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.可知在the Implicit Association test中，在参与者使用虚拟现实的眼镜控制一个深色皮肤的人物之前，他们对不像他们的人物更有偏见，选D。

阅读B：

The kids in this village wear dirty,ragged clothes.They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud.They have no school.Yet they all can chant the English alphabet,and some can make words.

The key to their success:20 tablet computers(平板电脑)dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S.group called One Laptop Per Child.

The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they’re already amazed.“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,”said Matt Keller,who runs the Ethiopia program.

The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse.The device’s camera was disabled to save memory,yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work.He called himself a lion,a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.

With his tablet,Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows.Then he spelled words on his own.“Seven months ago he didn’t know any English.That’s unbelievable,”said Keller.

The project aims to get kids to a stage called“deep reading,”where they can read to learn.It won’t be in Amharic,Ethiopia’s first language,but in English,which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.

1、What can we infer from Keller’s words in Paragraph 3?

A.They need more time to analyze data.

B.More children are needed for the research.

C.He is confident about the future of the project.

D.The research should be carried out in kindergartens.

参考答案：C

参考解析：考查判断推理。Keller认为孩子们自学学到的知识比他们在幼儿园一年学的还多，这说明他对这个计划的前景是满怀信心的。故选C。

2、How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?

A.It trains teachers for them.

B.It contributes to their self-study.

C.It helps raise their living standards.

D.It provides funds for building schools.

参考答案：B

参考解析：考查细节理解。通过对文章的阅读可知，这个计划的目的是看看孩子们能否再没有学校和老师的情况下自学，通过这个计划人们发现这些孩子会背英文字母表，有的甚至会拼单词，这说明这个计划对孩子们的自学是有益的。故选B。

3、What is the aim of the project?

A.To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.

B.To make Amharic widely used in the world.

C.To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.

D.To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.

参考答案：C

参考解析：考查细节理解。由文章最后一段“The program aims to get kids to a stage called“deep reading”,where they can read to learn.It won’t be…but in English.”可知，这个计划的目的是帮助埃塞俄比亚的孩子学会用英语阅读。故选C。

4、It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______.

A.learn English words quickly.

B.draw pictures of animals.

C.write letters to researchers.

D.make phone calls to his friends.

参考答案：A

参考解析：考查细节理解。通过对文章倒数第二段的阅读可知，Keller对Kelbesa在短短七个月里从不认识英语到会拼写英语感到不可思议，故选A。

阅读C:

When Ricochet was just a young pup，her owner Judy Fridono hoped the dog might one day become a service dog and help people.But Ricochet had other plans，at least for the first part.She failed at service dog training，but she went on to help millions of people around the world learn how to trust，how to love，and how to surf.

According to Fridono，the dog seemed naturally suited to life as a service dog.She was great with people，especially kids，and she had plenty of energy.But birds were her weakness.She just couldn't seem to stop running after them.And that's not a good quality for a service dog that needs to focus on the person she's helping.

Fridono said at the beginning she was disappointed when Ricochet didn't succeed at service dog school.But it wasn't long before the pup let her true skills shine through.At just 8 weeks old，Ricochet climbed on to a board that had been left in a children's pool，showing her special talent for balance.

Soon，Ricochet was making headlines as the beach-loving dog who could hang ten on a surfboard.But she wasn't finished showing off her special talents yet.

“One day at the beach，she jumped on a surfboard with a 14-year-old boy who had spinal cord(脊髓)injuries，”Fridono said.“It was at that moment that her life purpose to surf with people who are disabled was realized.She is just such an inspiration to everyone—she has got such a strong connection to people，and we see such improvements in the people who she surfs with.”

Ricochet now surfs daily with children and adults with special needs.She specializes in helping military veterans(退伍军人)with some diseases and children with autism(自闭症)by connecting with them in ways that no one else can.

1、What was Ricochet's shortcoming when in training school?

A.Impatience.

B.Great pride.

C.Lack of concentration.

D.Not being brave.

参考答案：C

参考解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的描述“But birds were her weakness.She just couldn't seem to stop running after them.And that's not a good quality for a service dog that needs to focus on the person she's helping.”可知Ricochet容易分心，注意力不集中，故选C。

2、What do we know about Ricochet?

A.She has been helpful for many people.

B.She was taught how to surf.

C.She saved thousands of people's lives.

D.She learnt special skills at service dog school.

参考答案：A

参考解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She is just such an inspiration to everyone—she has got such a strong connection to people，and we see such improvements in the people who she surfs with.”和最后一段内容，可推断Ricochet对很多人有帮助，故选A。

3、What can we infer from the text?

A.Ricochet once had a spinal cord injury.

B.Fridono made Ricochet's dream come true.

C.Ricochet has a unique connection with people having special needs.

D.Fridono helped Ricochet develop her skills and talents.

参考答案：C

参考解析：推理判断题。根据文中最后一段内容“She specializes in helping military veterans(退伍军人)with some diseases and children with autism(自闭症)by connecting with them in ways that no one else can.”可推断Ricochet擅长帮助有特殊需要的人们，故选C。

4、What may have amazed Fridono?

A.Ricochet's widespread popularity.

B.Ricochet's rapid progress.

C.Ricochet's extraordinary talents.

D.Ricochet's dropping out of school.

参考答案：C

参考解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Fridono said at the beginning she was disappointed when Ricochet didn't succeed at service dog school.But it wasn't long before the pup let her true skills shine through.”可推断Fridono可能惊讶于Ricochet的才能，故选C。

阅读D:

home,so they have to borrow money from a bank.Borrowing money from a bank to buy a house is called“take a mortgage(抵押).”The bank usually lends money or gives a mortgae for twenty-five years.Houses are so expensive that many people nowadays have to borrow as much as$50 000.In other words,they will have a$50 000 mortgage.

How can you get a mortgage?When you find a house you like,you go to a bank.The bank will research you financial(金融的.history and decide if.they think you are a good risk.They will want to know what kind of job you have,what kind of salary you make,and how long you have had the job.They will also want to know how much money you have.In addition,the banks will require a down payment.Depending on which state you live in,the bank may require as much as 30%of the-price of the house as a down payment.The bank will then lend you the rest of the money to buy the house.Many people are never able to buy a house because they cannot save enough money for the down payment.

1、If American people borrow money from the bank for 25 years,this means that the person who borrows

A.has twenty-five years to pay back the money

B.has more than twenty-five years to pay back the money

C.has less than twenty-five years to pay back the money

D.has about twenty-five years to pay back the money

参考答案：A

参考解析：细节题。从文章第一段The bank Usually lends money or gives a mortgage for twenty-five years得出银行的借期是25年，是一准确的数字，而不是多于、少于或大约25年。

2、What does a house mean in the United States?

A.It is a dream which many people can hardly realize.

B.It is so expensive that many people cannot really buy them.

C.It is the most important property that many people try to buy.

D.It doesn't belong to people if they can't borrow money from the bank.

参考答案：C

参考解析：细节题。从第一句A house is the most expensive thing most people will ever buy我们可以得知.房子是人们所要购置的最重要的财产。A、B两项都提到买房子的不可能性，与文章中的抵押贷款从而购房相悖。D项过于绝对化，并不是所有的人都必须通银行贷款才买得起房子。

3、Which is not one of the things researched by a bank?

A.How much money the borrower owns.

B.What salary the borrower makes.

C.What kind of job the borrower has.

D.What kind of house the borrower lives in.

参考答案：D

参考解析：细节题。题干询问的是银行查询的内容，集中在文章第二段，可以用对比排除的方法得出答案。A、B、C三项文章都有提及，剩下的一项即为正确答案。

4、The most suitable title for this passage would be _______.

A.How to Save Money on the House

B.How to Borrow Money from a Bank

C.How to Take a Mortgage

D.How to Buy a House

参考答案：C

参考解析：主旨题。文章第一段由购房展开，引出了在当前房价高的形势下，人们购房所采用的方式——抵押贷款。并于第二段展开说明如何进行抵押贷款。故其主旨在于说明如何抵押贷款。所以文章标题可能是“如何获得抵押贷款”。D项如何购房的标题太大了.超出了文章所覆盖的范围。

5、What does“down payment”refer to in the passage?

A.Money borrowed from a bank as a mortgage.

B.Money paid to a bank before the mortgages is given.

C.Interest received by a person who borrows money as the mortgages.

D.Interest charged by a bank on a mortgage.

参考答案：B

参考解析：释义题。从“down payment”的后一句话The bank will then lend you the rest of the money to buy the house可以推知“down payment”是在取得贷款之前自己先支付的那部分款项，即首付款。

写作：

How to Solve the Problem of Traffic Congestion

①In order to solve the urban traffic congestion,some people suggest building more roads.

②Some people suggest opening more bus lines.

③My suggestions.

如何解决交通拥挤问题

①为解决城市交通拥挤，有人建议建造更多的道路。

②有的人则建议开辟更多的公共汽车线路。

③我的建议。

写作范文：

How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic?

With population rapidly increasing，heavy traffic has become a big headache for many cities.For this very reason，many government officials and experts have thought up some solutions，among which two draw much attention the country over.

Some people suggest that more and wider roads should be laid down.It is evident that it can relieve the traffic congestion in the streets，thus accelerating the flow of buses and cars.And meanwhile，the fast and smooth flow of traffic reduces the air pollution caused by engine-idling.But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads.Therefore，others hold that the number of public bus routes should be raised so that more people can be transported and fewer people will have to travel in their own cars or ride bikes.Less use of bicycles and private cars will make the roads less crowded.Unfortunately，there is also a drawback in this solution;it will bring inconvenience to those who live or work far away from bus stops.

As neither of the two solutions is effective enough to solve the problem of heavy traffic in cities，I favor a combination of the two.While building more roads in places where land is less useful，we should increase the number of public bus lines.Only in this way can we more efficiently solve the problem of heavy traffic.