2020年成人本科学位英语阅读题复习资料（3）

Reading Comprehension 9

Do you want to know something about the history or weather? Don’t look for old weather reports. Looking at tree rings is more important.Correct weather reports date back only one century, but some trees can provide an exact record of the weather even further back.

It is natural that a tree would grow best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall. It is also expected that little sunlight or rainfall would limit the growth of a tree. The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be determined by reading the pattern of rings in a tree trunk. To find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree trunk from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the other rings, then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred.If the rings are close together, then the climate was bad for the tree.

Studying tree rings is important not only for the history of weather, but also for the history of man. In a region of New Mexico you can find only sand-no trees and no people. However, many centuries ago a large population lived there.They left suddenly. Why? A scientist studied patterns of dead tree rings which had grown there.He decided that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees.Trees were necessary to make fires and buildings. So, after the people destroyed the trees, they had to move. In this instance studying tree rings uncovered an exciting fact about the history of man.

1. How do we know the weather of a hundred years ago?

A. By looking at the sky. B. By looking for old weather reports .

C. By looking at tree rings. D. By learning history.

2. How does the weather affect the growth of a tree?

A. Plenty of sunlight and rainfall will limit the growth of a tree.

B. A tree grows best with little sunlight and rain.

C. Some trees provide an exact record of the weather.

D. The weather determines the pattern of rings in a tree trunk.

3. If the fifth ring is far from the other rings, then it means that, five years ago,_______.

A. the climate was good at the tree

B. plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred

C. the climate was bad for the tree

D. both A and B

4. What made a large population suddenly leave a region of New Mexico?

A. The cutting down of all the trees. B. The change of the weather there.

C. Lack of food. D. No enough buildings.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Trees are very important to human beings.

B. Studying tree rings can tell us the history of weather and man.

C. Weather can change the history of man.

D. A tree grows best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall.

Reading Comprehension 10

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text.

The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a rocess” conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies (策略) we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.

1. Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when _______.

A. the reader’s expectations agree with what is said in the text

B. the reader has trouble understanding what the author says

C. the reader asks questions and gets answers

D. the reader understands a text very well

2. At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to _______.

A. read a text slowly

B. read without thinking hard

C. interpret a text in their own way

D. concentrate on the meaning of words only

3. A “process” conversation has to do with _______.

A. the application of reading strategies

B. matching our expectations with the meaning of a text

C. the development of our ability to check the details

D. determining the main idea of a text

4. According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a balance between _______.

A. conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension

B. the reader's expectations and the meaning of a text

C. lower and higher levels of comprehension

D. interpreting and criticizing a text

5. If we want to develop our reading ability at an advanced level, we should _______.

A. learn to use different approaches in reading different texts

B. make our reading process more conscious

C. pay more attention to the content of a text

D. take a critical attitude towards the author's idea

Reading Comprehension 11

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.

You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure Career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics — a better job, a raise, praise — many people are still unable or unwilling to “play the game.”

“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations.

It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”

In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment — not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.

“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”

Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

1. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to _______ .

A. the political views and beliefs of office workers

B. the interpersonal relationships within a company

C. the various qualities required for a successful career

D. the code of behavior for company staff

2. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _______ .

A. avoid being too outstanding

B. get along well with his colleagues

C. honest and loyal to his company

D. give his boss a good impression

3. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?

A. They are not good at manipulating colleagues.

B. They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.

C. They think the effort will get them nowhere.

D. They believe that doing so is impractical.

4. The author considers office politics to be _______ .

A. unwelcome at the workplace

B. bad for interpersonal relationships

C. an important factor for personal advancement

D. indispensable to the development of company culture

5. It is the author’s view that _______ .

A. self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

B. hard work contributes very little to ones promotion

C. many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

D. speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

Reading Comprehension 12

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.

For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.

1. Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.

A. 36 B. 12 C. 20 D. 15

2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.

A. to live in a different university B. to take a particular course in a

different university

C. to live at home and drive to classes D. to get two degrees from two

different universities

3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _______.

A. their academic performance will affect their future careers

B. they are heavily involved in student affairs

C. they have to observe university discipline

D. they want to run for positions of authority

4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _______.

A. they hate the constant pressure strain of their study

B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university

C. such positions help them get better jobs

D. such positions are usually well paid

5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.

A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university

B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations

C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court

D. keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities

答案翻译

Reading Comprehension 9

1. C 作者在开篇提到准确的天气预报可以追溯一百年，而一些树木却可以帮助人们了解到更早时期的气候状况。

2. D 见第二段 The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be determined by reading the pattern of rings in a tree trunk，气候情况的好坏会直接影响树干的环形年轮的形状。

3. B 见第二段 then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred 然后，可以肯定的是，大量的阳光和下雨的天气发生了

4. A 见第三段 He decided that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees，由于当时生活在那里的人把所有树木都砍伐了，没有生火和盖房子的材料，不得不离开了那片区域。

5. B 从全篇看，作者在讲从树木的年轮的变化与当时的气候有关，进而能够揭示当时的环境与人的生活的关系。故 B 项正确。

Reading Comprehension 10

1. 阅读，作为读者与文章之间的一种对话，只有在_______时是可以意识到的。

文章第二段 第 2 句和第 3 句讲：然而有时我们却能够意识到它的存在。这通常是在我们遇到困难的时候，当我们的期望与实际意义不相符的时候。可见选项B. 读者在理解作者所说的内容有困难，是正确答案。

2. 在较低层次的理解，读者倾向于_______。

文章第三段 第 2 句到第 4 句讲：有些人注重文章的表面意思;而有些人则由表面意思展开联想、说明、批判、分析与检验。前者代表了一种对文章中内容的理解。后者则代表了更高层次的理解。可见选项 D.只注重表面含义，是正确答案。

3. “过程”对话与 _______ 有关。

文章第四段 第 3 行讲：我们把这叫做“过程对话，来与“内容”对话相区别。过程所研究的并不是阅读的内容，而是我们在阅读中所应用的手法。可见选项 A. 应用阅读手法, 是正确答案。

4. 根据本文，对于较高层次的读者来说非常重要的一点是保持_______之间的平衡。

讲：这两种阅读方法之间的平衡是很重要的，尤其是对较高级别的读者来说。可见选项 C. 较低层次与较高层次的理解, 是正确答案。

5. 如果我们想培养较高层次的阅读能力，我们应该_______.

文章最后一句 在我们试图提高阅读能力以期达到在更高层次学习的新要求时，恰恰是这种对话对我们非常重要。可见选项 A.在读不同的文章时采用不同的方法, 是正确答案。

Reading Comprehension 11

1. 答案 B Office politics 是本文的核心词，文章第 5 段对 Office politics 进行了描述，另外从 forming associations, please your superior, socializing within the office environment 等词可知，此处 Office politics 强调的是职场的人际关系，故选 B。

2. 文章第六段说到，在候选者个人能力相差不多的情况下，究竟谁能得到提拔是由领导的个人喜好决定的，可见在有能力的基础上，能否给领导留下较好印象对升职的影响很大，故选 D。

3. 题干内容出现在文章第四段，第五段第一句解释了出现这个现像的原因，因为许多人把 play the game(要手腕)，即职场策略看成了工于心计的行为，选项 B.中的 unprincipled 意思是“不讲道德的”，符合这些人的看法。

4. 文章第四段就用专家的话明确指出了 office politics 对职位提升的重要性，从全文内容看，文章重新定义了 office politics, 纠正了人们对其一些错误的负面认识，并反复强调了 office politics 的重要性，可见作者对 office politics 是持肯定态度的，故选 C.。

5. 文章第七段最后一句说到许多人担心销售自己会让人觉得自己在奉承老板，而在心理学家看来，这种想法是一种误解，由此可知作者认为 self-promotion 和flattery 并不是划等号的，故选 A.。

Reading Comprehension 12

1. B 通常一名学生每星期至少要上_______ 节课。

见第 3-5 行 A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.

一门课程是每个星期上 3 节课，一个大学生每学期要学习 4 到 5 门课程。故通常一名学生每星期至少要上 12 节课。

2. B 根据本文第一段，美国学生可以 ______

见第一段最后一句，It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, 也有可能一个学生在攻读学位时在两所不同的大学上课。 故答案选 B. 在另一所大学上某一门特定的课程。

3. A 美国大学生通常都会感到学习的压力， 因为_______。

见第二段，前两句 the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,…… 学生可以把他的分数记录给未来的雇主看。这些给学生施加了学习上长期的压力和负担。故答案选 A 他们在学术上的表现会影响他们未来的工作。

4. C 有些学生热衷于学生组织中的职位可能是因为_______。

见文章最后一句，A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 在其中担任过领导职位的学生就会很受人尊敬，对他将来的事业也很有利。故答案选 C 这些职位有助于他们找到较好的工作。

5. B 学生组织似乎在_______ 方面卓有成效。

见文章倒数第 5 行，Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.遵守纪律的有效承诺通常是由向校方提议的学生们来执行。故答案选 B. 确保学生遵守校纪。