一、If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...“what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:“I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析主干:what follows that ”but“can render the apology ineffective:...
if 引导条件状语从句,say 后面引号里的直接引语作宾语。主句的主语是what 引导的从句,“紧跟在这个‘但是’之后的内容”;谓语部分是“动词+宾语+补语”结构,ineffective 是宾语补足语。冒号后的内容是对前文的进一步解释,两个引号中的直接引语作主语,谓语部分也是“动词(leaves)+宾语(the person who...)+宾语补足语(现在分词feeling that...)”的结构。
译文:如果你对你的孩子说,“很抱歉我生你的气了,但是......”,这个“但是”后面的话可能会使你的道歉毫无效果。“我今天很倒霉”或者“你吵得我头疼”诸如此类的话使受到伤害的那个人感觉在期待你向他道歉的同时,他应该为他所做的事情而向你道歉。
二、The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:The (practical) conclusion is that...
that 引导的从句在句中作表语。该表语从句中包含if 引导条件状语从句:“要是......”。
译文:比较实际的结论是,如果全球变暖是一个潜在的灾难,那么解决办法就是新技术。
三、 But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming,and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it. (08.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:the (real) truth is that...
that 引导的是一个表语从句.该从句本身是两个由and 并列连接的分句.破折号中的内容是插入语,起解释说明的作用,表示前提条件:“如果没有技术上的突破”。
译文但是真正的事实是,我们没有掌握足够的知识去缓解全球变暖,并且—若没有重大的技术突破—我们对此也束手无策。
四、Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. (06.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground...
破折号后的this 指代前面的内容:view... share(把瓶装水看做下一个市场份额的竞争场所),despite 是介词,后接宾语the fact,表示让步:“尽管事实上......”。that 引导的从句作the fact 的同位语。冒号后的内容是对同位语从句内容的进一步解释说明。
译文:尽管如此,软饮料公司把瓶装水看做是争夺市场占有率的下一个战场—虽然事实是超过25%的瓶装水都来自自来水:百事可乐的Aquafina 和可口可乐的Dasani都是经过净化的自来水,而不是矿泉水。
五、 But selfishly, I'm more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. (09.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:I'm fascinated (by...)
1.by 有两个宾语,它们用and 并列。by 的第二个宾语是what 引导的从句,主干部分用了do (what) for 结构。两个表示对象的for 介词短语又由not... but 结构并列,“不只是能够为这个做些什么,而且是要为我做些什么”。
译文:但我却出于私心更关注米歇尔窑奥巴马,更想知道她可以做些什么,,不仅仅是为美国,更是为像我这样的非裔美国妇女。