​语言与文化自考2014年04月真题

语言与文化自考2014年04月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?

A.Language is arbitrary.
B.Language is systematic.
C.Language is used for communication.
D.Language is used by both human beings and animals.

2.Such questions as “How do you think and feel about your family?”, “How do you treat a guest?” and “What is your greatest ambition?” highlight the ______ aspects of culture.

A.thematic
B.institutional
C.behavioural
D.individual

3.______ is the basic meaning presented by meaningful linguistic units, including words and is often, though not always, the central factor in linguistic communication.

A.Conceptual meaning
B.Connotative meaning
C.Social meaning
D.Affective meaning

4.Both “pretty” and “handsome” can mean nice looking, but “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “garden” etc., while “handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”, “man”, “car” etc., because these are the ______ of these two terms.

A.collocative meaning
B.connotative meaning
C.affective meaning
D.reflected meaning

5.Which of the following is NOT an inflectional morpheme?

A.-ing
B.-er
C.-ment
D.-s

6.a) What’s the majority’s opinion? 大多数人的意见怎样? b)Where’s today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪里? The above two examples indicate that ______.

A.cases are represented explicitly in pronouns in Chinese
B.formal markers for cases in nouns are required in English
C.pronouns are marked explicitly for cases in Chinese
D.Chinese pronouns do show formal variation for cases

7.In English ______ are more distinctive than given names.

A.surnames
B.nicknames
C.pen names
D.pet names

8.______are popular among female English speakers.

A.Religious names
B.Plant names
C.Names of knowledge
D.Names of fame

9.The phrasal verb “look forward to” means” “ ______”.

A.examine
B.seek
C.expect
D.watch

10.A captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women is often referred to as_______.

A.an Uncle Tom
B.a Don Quixote
C.an Oliver Twist
D.a Don Juan

11.“You chicken!”he cried, looking at Tom with contempt. In this sentence, “chicken” is used metaphorically to refer to ______.

A.tenderness
B.domestic fowl
C.cowards
D.tamed animals

12.Which of the following statements metaphorically tells us that life is a gambling game?

A.I’ll take my chance.
B.I’ve had a full life.
C.His life contained a lot of sorrow.
D.Their marriage is on its last legs.

13.If Professor John Smith allows himself to be called John, ______.

A.he might not be respected by his colleagues
B.he must be more respected by his colleagues
C.he might be kept a distance away from his colleagues
D.he might enjoy a harmonious relationship with his colleagues

14.To sound modest and humble, one might have to use ______ to refer to oneself, one’s relatives, and one’s personal belongings.

A.honourifics
B.terms of humility
C.euphemisms
D.taboos

15.Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of ______.

A.verbs
B.nouns
C.conjunctions
D.prepositions

16.“Up you go, chaps!” The speaking style of the above sentence is______.

A.formal
B.consultative
C.casual
D.intimate

17.Chinese advertising as a whole is more ______ than English advertising.

A.informative
B.formal
C.persuasive
D.interesting

18.In legal documents learned words are used frequently. A great many of them are from ______.

A.French
B.Indian languages
C.Latin
D.German

19.In English culture, what does it mean if a girl smiles to a male stranger when coming across him in a university campus?

A.She loves him.
B.She is an immoral girl.
C.She is friendly.
D.She mistakes him for her acquaintance.

20.Which of the following can be classified into the secondary territory, which is usually not central to the daily activities of the owner and not under their exclusive control?

A.One’s own room.
B.Your seat in the classroom.
C.Supermarket.
D.Theatre seats.

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.Which of the following statements are the interpretation of culture in its narrow sense?

A.Materials man has got to satisfy his needs.
B.Social institutions and organizations man has established.
C.Language and other communication systems.
D.Customs, habits and behavioural patterns.

12.Which of the following can be brought together under the heading associative meaning?

A.Social meaning.
B.Affective meaning.
C.Conceptual meaning.
D.Collocative meaning.

13.In the English sentence “We are students”, all the three words are in plural forms, demonstrating grammatical ______ of the English language as regards the number, a grammatical category.

A.implicitness
B.explicitness
C.consistency
D.instability

14.In English ______ are flower names.

A.Angela
B.Laura
C.Viola
D.Brenda

15.Which of the following idioms are in relation to mannerisms?

A.To ride one’s high horse.
B.No man is an island.
C.A marriage of convenience.
D.To keep a straight face.

16.According to Lakoff, an American linguist, similes and metaphors are ways of thinking. They are used in______.

A.unusual occasions
B.literary works
C.everyday speeches
D.body language

17.In which of the following situations does a Chinese use honourifics to show respect to a superior?

A.When he is talking with a superior.
B.When he is writing to a superior.
C.When the superior he refers to is present.
D.When the superior he refers to is absent.

18.If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion, they are connected by ______ means.

A.grammatical
B.systematic
C.lexical
D.meaningful

19.American English differs from British English mainly in ______.

A.pronunciation
B.spelling
C.grammar
D.sentence structure

110.Many cultures allow people to interact at a much closer distance and are therefore referred to as contact cultures, which include______.

A.Asians
B.Latin Americans
C.Southern Europeans
D.Arabs

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.Key questions, the thematic model and ______ are three models for the analysis of culture.

22.In speech words are sequences of speech ______ between pauses, for instance, the utterance /a? la?k ?t/ contains three words.

23.a) History is made by the people.b) You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Club at 6:30 p.m. January1. The above two examples indicate that in the passive structure in English the prepositional phrase“by+the agent” is ______.

24.Terms of family relations like “mother”, “father”, “aunt”, “uncle”, etc. can be used as vocatives and are called ______ appellatives.

25.The idiomatic expression for “somebody whose importance and influence are great only in a restricted situation or small community” is “a ______ in a small pond”.

26.A simile is a ______ comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by “like” or “as”.

27.Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary defines ______ as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social superior.

28.A warning sign which says “DANGER!” is a ______ because it expresses a complete meaning.

29.“Theatre” in British English is spelled as ______ in American English.

210.Gestures that are closely linked with language and that help to illustrate the spoken words are ______.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.What is thought?

32.What does the word “privacy” mean in English and traditional Chinese cultures?

33.Why do imperative and interrogative sentences appear frequently in English advertising?

34.What does psychological time orientation refer to?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.What brings you here? (用敬语翻译)

42.plain as the nose on one’s face

43.pay a New Year call

44.趁热打铁。

45.请稍候。我看一下他在不在。(电话用语)

46.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.How do you define proverbs? And how are proverbs related to culture?

52.Why do some Chinese learners of English speak English as if they were reading aloud a book? What can they do to avoid it?