​语言与文化自考2015年04月真题

语言与文化自考2015年04月真题及答案解析

该试卷为自考语言与文化历年真题试卷，包含答案及详细解析。

一、单项选择题

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?

A.Language is symbolic.
B.Language is vocal.
C.Language is used to understand and describe the world.
D.Language contains little cultural information

2.Such questions as “What schools and colleges can you go to?”, “What is the money system you use?”and “What laws must you obey?”highlight the______aspects of culture.

A.institutional
B.individual
C.behavioural
D.thematic

3._______is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.

A.Social meaning
B.Reflected meaning
C.Connotative meaning
D.Collective meaning

4.“The Comforter”and “the Holy Ghost”both refer to God in religious English, but the former sounds warm and the latter awesome because these are the ______ of these two terms.

A.conceptual meaning
B.affective meaning
C.collocative meaning
D.reflected meaning

5.Which of the following is a derivational morpheme?

A.-ment
B.-es
C.-ed
D.-est

6.a) We regard her as the best doctor in this hospital.我们认为她是这家医院最好的医生。b) He left New York two days ago.两天前他离开纽约。The above two examples indicate that_______.

A.formal markers for tenses in Chinese are always necessary
B.in English verbs alone can represent the distinction between the simple present tense and the simple past tense
C.in Chinese auxiliary verbs must be used to indicate tenses and aspects
D.formal markers for tenses and aspects are optional in English

7.Elizabeth is a______name.

A.plant
B.weapon
C.religious
D.title

8.In English speaking countries it is perfectly natural to______a compliment.

A.ignore
B.refuse
C.change
D.accept

9.The idiomatic expression “to be all thumbs” means “______”.

A.to be quiet
B.to say something wrong
C.to be clumsy
D.to say something meaningful

10.Which of the following idioms is NOT derived from the Bible and great English literary works?

A.Never cast your pearls before swine.
B.Great men are not always wise.
C.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet
D.God sends meat and the devil sends cooks.

11.Which of the following sentences has the closest meaning to the sentence “That young man is a bear at mathematics”?

A.That young man is good at mathematics.
B.That young man is poor at mathematics.
C.That young man is clumsy when he is learning mathematics.
D.That young man is rude and ill-tempered when he is learning mathematics.

12.The color white is not necessarily associated with something good. For example, “a white night” has bad or unpleasant connotations. What is the proper Chinese translation of “a white night”?

A.极夜
B.白色的夜晚
C.不眠之夜
D.彻夜长明

13.Honourifics are language forms used in speeches to show respect to a______.

A.child
B.superior
C.stranger
D.subordinate

14.English verbal taboos require us to avoid the following expressions or topics EXCEPT “_______”.

A.Do you go to church?
B.Are you a Republican or a Democrat?
C.How come you’re still single?
D.Which basketball team are you in favor of, Miami Heal or San Antonio Spurs?

15.“Time is up!”said the teacher. In a moment the students stopped writing and handed in their papers. What is the logical relation between the above sentences?

A.Temporal.
B.Adversative.
C.Causal.
D.Additive.

16.一Do you know that the new-born British royal baby is named George? —Yes, I do. The logical relation the above sentences exhibit is______.

A.coherence
B.cohesion
C.connection
D.conduction

17.Chinese language in newspaper reporting is______.

A.informal
B.serious
C.amusing
D.vivid

18.Which of the following words is derived from Greek?

A.Jupiter
B.geometry
C.formula
D.Earth

19.The gesture of thumb down (with one’s arm crooked in front of the body and thumb stretched downward while the other fingers making a fist) is the nonverbal way to say______.

A.Yes
B.OK
C.No
D.Great

20.Which of the following can be classified into public territory?

A.Theatre seats.
B.Your seat in the classroom.
C.Personal office.
D.One’s own room.

二、多项选择题

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.Culture in its broad sense is also called_______.

A.small c culture
B.large C culture
C.anthropological culture
D.academic culture

12.Which of the following expressions relate to the historical aspects of English culture?

A.The May Flower.
B.Great Victoria Desert.
C.Continental Congress
D.Congress.

13.It has been said that the Western people are inclined to think inductively, while the Chinese people tend to think deductively. Inductive thinkers reason______.

A.from the particular to the general
B.from the whole to the particular parts
C.from parts to the whole
D.from the small to the big

14.In English______are weapon names.

A.Arthur
B.Harold
C.Edgar
D.Gerald

15.Many proverbs in English are related to_______.

A.geography
B.Greco-Roman civilization
C.navigation
D.science fiction

16.Which of the following statements use similes?

A.This method is as easy as ABC.
B.The society was his college.
C.If dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.
D.Time flies like an arrow.

17.Which of the following expressions are terms of humility in Chinese?

A.拜托
B.小女
C.令爱
D.舍下

18.Which of the following sentences have hypotactic relations?

A.My favorite fruits are grapes and oranges.
B.He bought grapes, apples, oranges, etc.
C.The man ran away when he saw the policeman.
D.I’ll come to the party if I’m done with my work.

19.News items normally have______.

A.the introduction
B.the headline
C.the lead
D.the story

110.Edward Hall suggests that there are three different time systems that might be found in cultures. They are_____time systems.

A.technical
B.professional
C.formal
D.informal

三、填空题

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.Customs, habits and_______patterns have been conventionalized in people’s daily interpersonal communication and are a very important part of culture.

22.Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and collocative meaning can be brought together under the heading ______meaning.

23.a) At seven on the morning of 26 July, 2011 the train started back to Shanghai.2011年7月26日上午7点火车开始返回上海。B) He graduated from English Department, Nanjing University.他毕业于南京大学英 语系。The above examples show that there are difference in______between English and Chinese.

24.In the USA，it is a______to ask if something, food, clothes or decorations of furniture, is homemade.

25.As defined in dictionaries, _______are implied or indirect references.

26.“They are uncontrollably attracted to each other.” The above sentence shows the metaphorical expression about_______.

27.Honourifics are used to show respect to one’s interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s_______patterns.

28.A group of sentences that are juxtaposed in a random fashion can______be treated as a text.

29.“Traveller” in British English is spelled as_______in American English.

210.If gestures or body movements help us to interact with another individual or to regulate our conversations with him or her, they are called_______.

四、简答题

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.What are the properties of culture?

32.What conceptual differences are there between“social sciences” and “社会科学”?

33.How is the term“journalese”defined?

34.What is the difference between Americans and Australians in the meaning of punctuality?

五、翻译题

Translation. (18%)

41.Please give us your comments or suggestions. (用敬语翻译)

42.Hello. This is Jane speaking. Who’s calling? (电话用语)

43.The child is father of the man.

44.黄页(电话)査号簿

45.您有何高见?

46.—定在下雪，外面这么亮。

六、论述题

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.What are phrasal verbs? And what differences are there between phrasal verbs and their corresponding single verbs?

52.What are the major factors affecting people’s choice of styles?