​自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit6

自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit6

Unit Six

Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics

采用机器人技术提高工业效率

Robots , becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

机器人在所有发达国家的工厂和其他工业生产部门日益普遍得到应用;机器人通过编制程序和策划在无人干预的条件下完成工业生产任务。

Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry,where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. They also load and unload hot, heavy metalforms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.

目前多数机器人用于汽车工业， 它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。 机器人还可以用来装卸用于铸造轿车和卡车框架的机械中的炽热、笨重的金属铸模。

Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors, small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this net industry.

除了已在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始出现在别的工业部门，虽然应用的程度低一些。在那里机器人制造电机、小型器具、袖珍计算机甚至手表等。在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。这样的机器人在这一新工业中用来减少职业性伤害。

What makes a Robot a Robot and not just another kind of automatic machine? Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example, a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines,on the other hand, are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

是什么东西决定一个自控装置是机器人而不是一个自动化机器呢?机器人与自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。 例如，做电焊工作 1 个月后，可以重新编制程序而转成下个月做喷漆工作。 反之，自动化机器不能有多种不同的用途， 它只是被制造成执行一项任务。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and will make critical decisions.Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera, the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white.The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but only after years of development.

下一代机器人将有视觉和触觉功能， 并且能够做出关键性的决策。 在微电子学和计算机技术上有专长的工程技术人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类别的物中辨别和检查出某一特定物体。有一种机器人的视觉系统使用多排光敏材料的数字电子摄像机当一个物体(如机器零件)上的光线照射到摄像机上时， 光敏材料能测量光的强度并将光线转变为一系列数字。这些数字是灰度系统的一部分，该系统以数值表示亮度。有的灰度范围为0一 15，有的灰度范围为 0 一 255。0 代表黑色，而最大的数值代表白色。中间的数字代表不同的灰色程度。 然后由计算机计算， 并将数字转换成一幅表示该物体形态的图像。 迄今尚不清楚机器人会不会有朝一日具有人眼那样的视力。技术人员相信机器人会做到这一点的，但需要若干年的研究。

Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch.Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

从事其他先进技术研究的工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手与手指，赋予机器人以触觉。 还有的工程技术人员编制新的程序使机器人能确定诸如是否要报废成品中有缺陷的零件。 要做到这一点，机器人还应能识别哪些零件有缺陷。

These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They work as gas station attendants, firemen, housekeepers, and personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the will have to know about robotics.

具有触觉、视觉并能决策的未来机器人将要做许多工作。它们可用来海底探矿或进入对人危险的矿井深区。机器人还可充当汽车加油站的服务员、消防员、勤杂工以及保安人员等。任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人

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