自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit5
自考英语二（下）课文翻译之unit5
Unit Five What Is a Decision ?
何为决策?
The new music was built out of materials already in existence: bules, rock'n'roll, folk music. But although the forms remained, something completely new and original was made out of these older element s — more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize.The transformation took place in 1966- 1967. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium . Rock'n'roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic dance music. Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students.The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul; rock was the beat of youthful energy; and folk music expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.
新音乐是从已有的音乐：布鲁斯，摇滚乐，民间音乐中产生的。虽然新音乐保留了原有的形式， 但某些全新的、 独创性的东西从旧的成分中脱颖而出的——它们也许比新音乐家意识到的还要更富有独创性。这个变革发生在1966-1967年间。那个时候以前， 布鲁斯基本上一直是黑人的音乐表达方式。由它衍生出的摇滚乐是节奏性很强的舞蹈音乐。 而民间音乐， 既有古老又有现代的， 在大学生中颇为流行。 这三种音乐形式在音乐和文化方而都各不相同，甚至直到 1965年，它们中任何一个都没有表达任何全新的意识境界。布鲁斯表现黑人的心灵， 摇滚是年轻活力的节拍，民乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。
In 1966-1967 there was spontaneous transformation . In the United States, it originatedwith youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco.In England, it was led by the Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individual rock group What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. First the separate musical traditions were brought together. Bob Dylan and the Jefferson Airplane played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat White rock groups began experimenting with the blues. Of course, white musicians had always played the blues, but essentially as imitators of the Negro style; now it began to be the white band s' own music. And all of the groups moved towards a broader eclecticism and synthesis. They freely took over elements from jazz, from America country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.
自发的变革出现在 1966 年到 1967 年间。在美国，旧金山的年轻摇滚乐队发起了这场变革; 在英国，被公认是极其完美和非常独特的披头士摇滚乐队领导了这股新潮流。所发生的情况，如用言词尽可能地表达出来是这样的：首先，分离的音乐传统被结合起来了。 鲍伯.狄伦和杰弗逊飞机队演奏民歌摇滚乐，将民歌思想与摇滚节奏结合在一起。 白人摇滚乐队开始尝试演奏布鲁斯。 当然，白人音乐家虽然已经一直在演奏布鲁斯，但基本上只是模仿黑人音乐的风格。而现在，它开始变成白人乐队自己的音乐了。 所有的乐队都朝着更广泛的折衷主义和结合主义的方向前进。 他们自由地吸收爵士音乐、 美国乡土音乐的成分， 而随着时间的推移，他们甚至对各种各样的音乐兼收并蓄， 最后发展成一种能轻松采取多种形式的、几乎有无穷表现力的新音乐。
The second thing that happened was that all the musical groups began using the full range of electric instruments and the technology of electronic amplifiers.The electric guitar was an old instrument, but the new electronic effects were altogether different — so different that a new listener in 1967 might well feel that there had never been an; sounds like that in the world before. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. And in studio recordings,new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live . Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a "total" effect, so that instead of an audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones.
发生的第二件事是所有乐队都开始使用全套的电子乐器和电子扬声器技术。电吉他是一种老式乐器，但新的电子效果迥然不同——如此不同，以致1967 年一位新听众可能感觉以前在世界上从没有听过像这样的声音。事实上，电子技术的确能合成那时任何乐器也无法奏出的声音。在录音室录制时， 新技术有可能制作出甚至电子乐队现场表演时也演奏不出的效果。电子扬声器也能使音量有惊人的增大，音乐变得那么宏亮，那么富有穿透力，极尽人的耳朵承受之能，从而达到了一种“整体”效果。因此，观众不再是被动地听，而是完全参与，他们全身心地感受音乐，如痴如醉。
Third,the music becomes a multi-media experience; a part of a total environment. The walls of the ballrooms were covered with changing pattern s of light,the beginning of the new art of the light show. And the audience did not sit, it danced. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs. Often music was played out of doors, where nature provided the environment.
第三，音乐变成一种多媒体的感受， 成了整体环境的一部分。 舞厅的墙壁上布满变幻无常的灯光图案，这也是灯光表演这门新艺术的开始。观众并不坐着，而是随着音乐起舞。 在家里欣赏唱片时候听众尽力模仿照明效果，甚至服用毒品来增强整个音乐享受的快感。 音乐常在户外演奏， 在那儿大自然则提供了周围的环境。
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