2023年黑龙江专升本英语语法备考知识点（二）

2023年黑龙江专升本英语语法备考知识点（二）

5：倒装

(1)：完全倒装

(a)：表示地点和运动方向的副词here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副词开头的句子，需用完全倒装。

(b)：表示时间的副词now, then 等副词开头的句子，谓语动词为 come, go, be, follow 等时，需用完全倒装。

注意：如果主语是代词，即使该类词置于句首，依然用正常语序。

Ahead sat an old woman.

In came the teacher and the lesson began.

(c)：表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首，起强调作用

Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.

(2)：部分倒装

(a)：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, no, in no case, by no means, on no account 等表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放于句首。

注意：当 not until 引导的是从句时，until 从句的主谓不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。

Hardly did I know what had happened.

Not until last year did her father know the truth.

Not until he returned did we have supper.

In no case should we abandon her.

(b)：only 和修饰的状语放于句首

Only then did he realize the importance of English.

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

(c)：not only…but also 连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒

Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.

(d)：neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装

Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.

(e)：so…that, such…that 中的 so 或such 及修饰的成分放于句首时，前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.

Such a good boy is he that everyone likes him.

(f)：as 引导的让步状语，把需要强调的部分提前(如名词、动词、形容词、副词)，然后再加陈述句的其他部分。

注意：名词单数省去冠词。

Hard as he works, he doesn’t get promoted.

(g)：so, neither 或 nor 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

(h)：用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!

(i)：省略 if 的虚拟条件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

6：名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句连接词的用法

7：定词性从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在从句中作定语，修饰一个名词、名词词组或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

定语从句关系词的用法(看从句成分)

8：状语从句

状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子的含义，它可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语从句的构成：

引导词+状语从句+“,”+主句：When she came in, I stopped eating.

主句+引导词+状语从句：We were about to leave when he came in.

状语从句的关键是掌握不同状语从句的常用连接词和一些特殊的连接词。

状语从句引导词的用法