2023年专升本英语时态分析详解
2023年专升本英语时态分析详解
一、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
①现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
②现在进行时的时间状语有：now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。
What are you doing up in the tree?
你在树上干什么?
I am writing a long novel these days.
我最近在写一本长篇小说
③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。
I’m coming now.
我就来
What are you doing tomorrow?
你明天干什么?
He is leaving soon.
他就要走了
④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。
He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.
他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净
例题：
I can’t catch up with the fashion, because the clothes style all the time.
A.has changed B. is changed.
C.is changing D. changed
答案及解析：
C 本题考查现在进行时的相关用法，现在进行时表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always/all the time等频度副词连用。句意是我跟不上时尚因为服装款式总是一直在变。
二、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
①过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
②过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。
He was cooking supper this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭
The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.
我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具
③用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。
She was it happen when she was walking past.
她路过时看到事情的发生
They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.
他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌
④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。
He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.
他住在这里时老向我借钱
例题：
Their mother dinner at the kitchen when a quarrel among the children.
A.was preparing;was broken out
B.prepared;was broken out
C.was preparing;broke out
D.prepared;broke out
答案及解析：
C 本题考查一般过去时和过去进行时，以及时态一致。首先break out是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除AB。When引导一个过去时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，这是一个常见的主句：过去进行时+从句：一般过去时的组合。句意为当孩子们在厨房里面争吵时，妈妈正在准备晚饭。
三、现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。
I have never seen such fine pictures before.
我以前从来没有看过这么好的画
He has just gone to England.
他刚去英国
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。
I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.
我离开家乡有30年了
Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作
④have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。
–Where is Mr Li?
–He has gone to the UK.
–李先生在哪里?
–他去了英国。
–Do you know something about Beijing?
–Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.
你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。
⑤在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：
或使用下面这个句型：
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
需要注意的是：在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。
How long may I keep the book?
这本书我能借多久?
(句子中keep取代了borrow)
例题：
Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what’s happened to him.
A. knew B. have known
C. must know D. will know
答案及解析：
B 本题考查现在完成时的用法，过去发生的事情对现在有影响，正是父母已经知道他发生了什么事情，所以他们看起来很伤心。这是现在完成时的常见用法。
四、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。
②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。
They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.
当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室
The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.
在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了
③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。
After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.
我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中
He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.
他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠
例题：
Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.
A. has left; comes.
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. had left; would come
答案及解析：
C had to wait 说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在had to wait之前，故用过去完成时。丈夫回家发生在had to wait之后但是也是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时即可。
五、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。
②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).
③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。
He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.
他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目。
Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.
每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书。
④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。
She told me she would be 18 the next month.
她告诉我她下个月就18岁了。
She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.
她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步。
⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：
When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.
白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞。
例题：
We were not sure whether they more vegetables.
A.are going to grow
B. were going to grow
C. will grow
D. have grown
答案及解析：
B 本题考查过去将来时的用法。主句的谓语动词是were说明故事发生在过去，所以从句也是发生在过去时的环境中，排除A、C、D。句意为我们也不清楚他们是否会种植更多的蔬菜。
六、现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征
结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。
I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.
我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时。
How long have you been waiting here?
你在这里一直等了多久?
例题：
Tom in the library every night over the last months.
A.works
B.worked
C.has been working
D.had been working
答案及解析：
C over the last three months的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”，这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用，表示在过去的一段时间一直不间断做某事。
