​2022年专升本英语虚拟语气知识点详解

(一)基本概念:

1. 语气： 是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话的目的和意图。

2. 种类： 英语中有四种语气，分别是陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 ⑴陈述语气： 陈述一个事实或提出一个想法。例如：

China is a great socialist country.

⑵疑问语气： 用来提出问题。例如：

Have you ever been to Japan?

⑶祈使语气： 向对方提出请求、邀请，给予忠告、指示、警告和发出命令等。例如： Come and join us.

⑷虚拟语气： 表示一种纯然假想的情况或者主观愿望。例如：

If he had a permit he could had a job.

3. 虚拟语气的形式：

⑴现在虚拟语气： 一般用动词原形来表达。例如：

God bless you.

It is essential that the ban is lifted.

She petitioned the king that her father be pardoned.

⑵过去虚拟语气： 和陈述语气的过去时相同，但动词 be 要用 were 形式。例如： Imagine your child got lost.

She treated me as though I were a stranger.

If only I were not so nervous.

(3)过去完成形式的虚拟语气： 和陈述语气中的过去完成时相同。例如： I wish I hadn’t done so.

If I had seen her, I would have told her.

If only I had listened to your advice.

(二) 用法：

1. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句的运用：

⑴一般条件状语从句与虚拟条件状语从句的比较： 例如：

①If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party. 这是个一般条件状语从句，主句谓 语动词用一般将来时，从句谓语动词用一般现在时。表示能够实现的动作。这句话 说明，说话人认为邀请的可能性较大。

②If she invited me, I should go to the party. 这句话主句谓语动词用过去将来时，从句 谓语动词用一般过去时。表示她很可能不会邀请我参加聚会，所以我不会去。这句 话说明，说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能。

③If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party. 这句话主句谓语动词 用 should+have+过去分词形式，从句用过去完成时。这对过去发生的事情进行虚拟 假设，表示与过去事实相反的情况，其含义是： 她昨天没有邀请我参加聚会，因此我没有去。

④If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party. 这句话主句谓语动词用过 去将来时，从句谓语动词也用过去将来时。表示的意思是，邀请的可能性较小，对将来要发生的情况表示怀疑。其含义是： 明天她不可能会邀请我，因此我不会去。

 ⑵虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的各种具体形式如下：

①对现在的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反的假设。

②对过去的虚拟，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时。

③表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现。

⑶ 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的转换形式：

①省略if：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 可以被省去，但是谓语要使用倒装形式，

即将 were, had 或 should 放到句首。例如：

If I were you, I would go there by myself.

=Were I you, I would go there by myself.

②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如：

 Without air, there would be no living things. 

But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.

③用其他方式代替条件状语从句。例如：

 It would produce bad results to do that.

=If you did that/should do that, it would produce bad results.

⑷ 带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，主句或从句有时可以省略的。

①省去条件状语从句，例如：

That would be fine. 那太好了。(省去了 ifyou would come 或类似条件)

We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。

②省去主句，常用以表示愿望，从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。例如： If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!

If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。

2. 虚拟语气的其他句型和用法

⑴用在 wish+宾语从句中，表示很难实现或不能实现的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿 … …”, “悔不该 … …”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式; 表示将来 的愿望，从句的谓语动词用 would (could)+动词原形; 对过去的事情表示愿望，从 句的谓语动词had+过去分词或 could+have+过去分词。Wish 后面的宾语从句必须

用虚拟语气，不管这个愿望是否能实现。例如：

I wish it were Spring all the year round. 现在

I wish you could go with us. 将来

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 过去

⑵用在 as if/as though, 或 even if/even though 引导的从句中，如果从句中表示的动作 发生在过去，则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式; 如果指的是现在的状况，则用过去

式(be 用 were);指将来则用 would(should, could)+动词原形。这里只看从句动作发 生的时间，与主句的时态没有关系。例如：

They talked and talked as if/ as though they would never meet again. 将来

He looks as if/ as though he had been hit by lighting. 过去

It seems as if it were spring already. 现在

⑶在 It is (high) time (that) … 句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式(be 的过去式用 were), 或用 should+动词原形(should 不能省略)来表示。这句话的意思是，现在，该...... 了。例如：

It is time we left/should leave.

It is high time that you got married.

⑷在 I would rather (that)......句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词用过去式(be 的过去式用 were)。 这句话意思思是，我宁可...... ，表示说话人的意愿。例如：

I’d rather I were in the rain now.

I’d rather you did not tell him.

⑸用在 suppose 开头的祈使句中，从句的谓语动词变化与 as if 后面的动词变化规律相同， 用过去式、过去完成式、或过去将来式。意思是假如......，但 suppose 是动词，不是连词。 例如：

Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do?

Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?

Suppose Chen Shui-bian should declare Taiwan independent. What would China do?

⑹用在 for fear that 或 lest 引导的从句中，表示怕...... 、万一......等意思。从句的谓语动词用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。例如：

She closed the windows for fear that she (should) catch cold. ⑹

The officer forbade the use of artillery lest the city’s industry be damaged.

Lest the wall should collapse, they evacuated from the building.

⑺在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词，如 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose,request, require, suggest, beg, move(提议)后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should +动词原形，should 可以省略，而引导宾语从句的 that 不能省略。例如：

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. ⑻使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，

名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。 从句的引导词that 不能省略。这与上述第 7 项类似。例如：

①He made a request that he (should) be allowed to take 3 days off. = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off.

②Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized. = We suggest that education not be industrialized.

③The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time. = The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time.

⑼上述动词在 It is suggested that … … , It is required that … … , It’s requested that … … , It’s ordered that … .., It’s arranged that … …句型中，that 之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词 用 should+动词原形, should 可以省略，但引导词 that 不能省略。例如：

It was suggested that he attend the conference.

It was requested that the trial be openly reported.

⑽在 It’s important (imperative, necessary, essential, vital, desirable, advisable, better) that … … 句型中，that 引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 should+动词原形,should 可以省 略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。例如：

It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter.

It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.

It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting.

⑾另外在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。例如：

May you be happy!

May you succeed!

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

Everybody leave the room!

You had better not resign.

I would rather not tell you.

(三) 虚拟语气小结： 根据动词的变化，我们大致可以把虚拟语气分为三种：

1. 一种是 if… … 引导的条件状语从句中，或者是 wish, suppose 后面的宾语从句中，动 词用过去式、过去完成式或过去将来式;

2. 一种是表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词或名词后面所接的从句， 以及 It is important (necessary) that … … 后面所接的从句中，动词用 should+动词原形，有时 should 可以省略;

3. 一种是 It is (high) time (that) … …和 I would rather 后面的从句中，动词用过去式。