学位英语阅读理解细节题答题方法和技巧

细节题，就是我们平时所说的由 who ,what ,where ,when , why ,which ,how 引出的问题。这是极为常见的阅读理题。这类题主要是针对论证支持主题的事实或例证设题，可能涉及 数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。这类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细读，找出问题答案。这类题提问的形式多种多样，常见的有以下几种：

Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?

According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?

According to the passage, all of the following are true except_____

How many…？

What...?

Why...?

解这类题时,审题是关键,首先一定得看清问题。比如一句结论性的话后边到底是...is true,还是is not true。另外，由于细节题比较容易，有时为了增加测试难度，命题人员在题干或选项中要增加一些文字或意义上的干扰。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一样的现成答案。

Passage A

On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. (11)He was not at all popular. (12)He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.

It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. (14)At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked, "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed

Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.

Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.

11.In 1863, Abraham Lincoln was________ .

A. very critical  B. unpopular  B. very popular  D. very courteous

【答案】B。答案可以在第一段的第四句话找到： “ H e was not at all popular.”此题干扰项为A“critical”指“挑剔的，苛刻的”。not at all popular=unpopular。

12. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was_______

A. a famous speaker  B. a very handsome man  C. president of the country  D. a popular statesman

【答案】C。答案在第一段 “He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.”当时林肯一点也不受欢迎，他被邀请去演讲仅仅上出于礼貌。”因为他是总统。

13. It was a fact that Lincoln's speech was_______________________________________ .

A. an immediate success  B. warmly applauded  C. a total failure  D. not well-received at first

【答案】D。答案可以在文章的第二段找到。“At the end there was little applause.”最后几乎没有什么掌声。所以他的演讲开始没有被大家接受，D 为正确答案。A，B，C 均不符合文章的内容。

14. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.

B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.

C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American school child.

D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.

【答案】D。答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演讲含义深刻、风格简朴； 如今美国所有的在校的学生都能背诵他的演讲；”文章又谈到：“现在所有的人都认为他的演讲是美国历史上最好的演讲之一。”而不是美国最好的演讲。所以 D 是错误的。

Passage B

Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our school leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. Some stay long at a job and learn to like it; others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation.

Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope (摸索）in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask what salary is like. They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life, selection of friends, leisure and interest.

In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest.Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest, for it will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you anemotional wreck (受到严重伤害的人）and a bitter person.

11. The reason why some people are unlikely to succeed in life is that they .

A. have ruined their talents  B. have taken on an unsuitable job

C. think of nothing but their salary  D. are not aware of their own potential

【答案】B。第一段的主题句很清楚地告诉我们。有些年轻人是很偶然才找到工作的，因此他们在工作中很少或基本不能够获得满足感。由此可知，他们不太可能成功的原因是他们没有找到合适的工作。

12. The difficulty in choosing a suitable job lies mainly in that_____.

A. much competition has to be faced

B. many employees have no working experience

C. the young people only care about how much they can earn

D. schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance

【答案】D。第二段中 “The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. ”告诉我们，大学毕业之所以在找工作时有很多误区，原因主要在于学校未能够提供就业方面的指导和培训。

13. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage?

A. Your job must suit your interest.

B. Your job must set a pattern of life.

C. Your job must offer you a high salary.

D. Your job must not ruin your talents.

【答案】A。第三段的首句 “In choosing a career you should first consider the type of work which will suit your interest” 中的 “first” 与题干中的 “the most important” 相吻合。