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考研英语词汇(一百七十)

责编:杨曼婷 2022-01-25
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英语学习始于单词,考研英语大纲当中也要求考生至少要熟练掌握5500左右的单词数量。希赛网整理了考研英语常用词汇(一百七十),供各位研考生查看参考。更多考研英语词汇内容,点击考研英语常用词汇汇总进行查看。

1. rally [ˈræli] v.(rallies, rallying, rallied, rallied)/n.(rallies)

v. 召集,聚集;复原,恢复健康或精神;价格回升

n. 群众集会,公众大会;(汽车、摩托车等的)拉力赛,赛车;止跌回升

固定搭配:rally (sb./sth.) (around/behind/to sb./sth.) 召集,聚集

拓展:

同:v. league, restore, assemble n. assembly, feedback, meet, gathering, congregation

辨:rally和congress

rally意为“群众集会,公众大会”,指大规模的群众性政治集会。例:The mayor addressed the rally.(那位市长在公众集会上讲了话。)

congress意为“国会,议会,代表大会”,指国会、议会、代表大会等机构,尤指经选举产生的立法机构的大会或由这些机构召开的大会,也可指专业人员代表大会。例:Congress will vote on the proposals tomorrow.(国会明天将对提案进行投票表决)

例句:The party have rallied a great deal of support for their campaign.

该党派为竞选活动征得了大量的支持。

After a furious late rally, they finally won.

他们后来状态恢复迅速,终于赢了。

2. range [reɪndʒ] v.(ranges, ranging, ranged, ranged)/n.(ranges)

v. (在一定的范围内)变化;包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物;排列,排序;徘徊,漫步

n. 一系列;(变动或浮动的)范围,界限;种类,类型;视觉(或听觉)范围;射程;山脉;靶场,射击场

固定搭配:range from A to B/between A and B (在一定的范围内)变化

range (from A to B) 包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物

range yourself/sb. against/with sb./sth. (使)结伙反对 / 支持……

range over sth. 涉及,包括

range (of sth.) 一系列

in/within range (of sth.) 在可及的范围内,在视觉(或听觉)范围内

out of range (of sth.) 超出……的范围,在视觉(或听觉)范围之外

拓展:

同:n. extent, boundary, region, scope, spectrum, territory, area

派:ranking adj.上级的;头等的;超群的

rangy adj.又高又瘦的;适于远行的;宽广的

ranking n.等级;地位

ranger n.突击队员;漫游者;骑警;别动队员

ranging n.排列;测距修正

辨:range, field和scope

range意为“范围,界限”,指数、量、年龄等的范围,常后接具体的上下限额。例:Most workers in that company earn a salary in the range of 4000 yuan to 6000 yuan.(那家公司多数员工的薪水在4000元到6000元之间。)

field意为“领域,范围”,指研究或工作的领域。例:In fact, he is a speculator in the financial field.(实际上,他是个金融领域的研究者)

scope意为“范围,圈子”,指学科、活动、书籍等的范围,也指不同的活动圈子。例:A discussion of post-colonial issues is within the scope of this book.(对后殖民主义问题的讨论在本书范围之内)

例句:His speech ranged over a number of topics.

他的演讲涉及许多话题。

The children stayed well out of range of the dogs.

孩子们离狗远远的。

3. rank [ræŋk] v.(ranks, ranking, ranked, ranked)/n.(ranks)

v. 给……分等级,属于某等级;排列

n. (尤指较高的)地位,级别,职位;军衔,警衔;普通士兵;等级;(团体或组织的)成员;队列,行列

adj. 恶臭的,难闻的;(强调质量、状况等)极端的,糟糕的,十足的

固定搭配:rank (sb.) (as sth.) 给……分等级,属于某等级

拓展:

同:n. degree, classification, row, range, grade v. arrange, form adj. evil, unpleasant, poisonous

派:ranking adj.上级的;头等的;超群的

ranking n.等级;地位

ranging n.排列;测距修正

ranker n.出身行伍的军官;士兵;对某事胆怯或临阵脱逃的人

rankness n.繁茂;恶臭

辨:file, rank和queue

file意为“纵列”,指人站立或行走时排成的列。例:The soldiers were walking in double file.(士兵们排成两列纵队前进)

rank意为“队列,行列”,和file常为军事用语,前者指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排,后者指纵队。例:Rank after rank of liquor bottles are on the shelves.(架子上是一排排的酒瓶)

queue意为“队列”,指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队,在等的过程中不断向前移动。例:There was a queue of traffic waiting at the crossroad.(有一大串车辆在十字路口等候)

例句:The employees have been ranked in order of their age.

按照年龄对雇员进行了分类。

People of high social rank are always held in high esteem .

社会地位很高的人总是备受尊重。

Unexpectedly, the post went to a rank outsider

出人意料的是,那个职位竟然落到一个毫不起眼的人头上。

4. rap [ræp] v.(raps, rapping, rapped, rapped)/n.(raps)

v. 敲击,敲打;突然厉声说出;(公开地)严厉批评,严加训斥;说唱

n. 快速的敲击;说唱音乐;罪名,判刑;不公正的判决

固定搭配:rap sth. (out) 突然厉声说出

rap sb./sth. (for sth./for doing sth.) (公开地)严厉批评,严加训斥

(give sb./get) a rap on/over/across the knuckles

(给某人以 / 受到)严厉谴责,厉声训斥

take the rap (for sb./sth.) (无辜)受罚,背黑锅

拓展:

同:v. strike n. bob, peening

派:rapper n.敲门者;叩击物

辨:rap和knock

rap意为“敲击,敲打”,指用指关节、笔等快速轻敲或急拍,意在引人注意或表示某种情感。例:The teacher rapped on the table for order.(老师敲桌子要求大家安静)

knock意为“敲击,敲打”,指用手掌、拳头或硬物用力敲打,以引起他人的注意或重视。例:He wondered whether it would be proper to knock at the manager’s door.(他不知道敲经理的门是否合适)

例句:Some of the students were rapped for poor performance.

一些学生因为表现糟糕而受到严厉批评。

John always gets a rap over the knuckles for being late.

约翰总是因为迟到而受到严厉训斥。

5. rape [reɪp] v.(rapes, raping, raped, raped)/n.(rapes)

v. 强暴,强奸

n. 强奸罪;肆意损坏,肆意糟蹋

拓展:

同:v. harry, despoil n. violation, cole

派:rapacious adj.贪婪的;掠夺的

rapist n.强奸犯

raper n.强奸犯

rapacity n.贪婪;掠夺

rapeseed n.油菜籽

例句:A young woman was brutally raped on the way home.

一些学生因为表现糟糕而受到严厉批评。

As a result of the rape of the forests, the region is now short of water.

一名年轻女子在回家路上惨遭强暴。

6. rapid [ˈræpɪd] adj.

adj. 瞬间的,瞬时发生的;迅速的,快速的

拓展:

同:adj. fast, forward, ready, express, quick

派:rapidly adv.迅速地;很快地;立即

rapidity n.迅速,急速;速度;险峻

rapidness n.快;迅速

辨:rapid和quick

rapid意为“迅速的,快速的”,指快速发生或完成的。例:After recuperation, the patient made a rapid recovery.(经过调养,病人很快恢复了健康)

quick意为“迅速的,脑子反应快的”,指持续或耗费时间短的,移动、做事等速度快的,或指人聪明、机敏的。例:The student is a quick learner.(那名学生学东西很快)

例句:After recuperation, the patient made a rapid recovery.

经过调养,病人很快恢复了健康。

The contagion is spreading at a rapid rate.

这种传染病正在迅速蔓延。

7. rash [ræʃ] n.(rashes)

n. 皮疹,疹子;大量,许多(令人不快的事情)

adj. 草率的,鲁莽的,轻率的

拓展:

同:n. quat, tetter adj. hasty, imprudent

派:rashly adv.轻率地;鲁莽地;无见识地

rashness n.轻率;皮肤上短暂出现的疹子

例句:There has been a rash of burglaries in the village over the last month.

近一个月村里发生了很多起入室行窃案。

A lot of small companies went bankrupt as a result of rash speculation.

许多小公司的破产都是轻率的投机造成的。

8. rat [ræt] v.(rats, ratting, ratted, ratted)/n.(rats)

v. 泄密,告密;背弃诺言

n. 卑鄙小人,骗子

固定搭配:rat on sb. 泄密,告密

rat on sth. 背弃诺言

拓展:

同:v. mouse, inform n. traitor, betrayer

派:ratty adj.像老鼠的;破烂的

ratter n.捕鼠者;叛徒

辨:rat, betray和grass on

rat意为“泄密,告密;背弃诺言”,主要指向掌权者告发某人,也指违背所作的承诺,常后接介词 on。例:The government is accused of ratting on its promises to the people.(政府被指责对人民背信弃义)

betray意为“背叛,出卖,泄露”,主要指不忠于誓约或辜负信任;也可以指有意泄露秘密或出于无意暴露隐蔽的事物。例:She studied the recording, but it betrayed nothing.(她研究了录音,但什么也没有看出来)

grass on意为“告密,告发”,主要指向警方告发某人的违法活动。例:His wife wants him to grass on other accomplices.(妻子要他向警方告发其他同伙)

例句:The government is accused of ratting on its promises to the people.

政府被指责对人民背信弃义。

Having a rat as a pet is considered sick.

养只耗子当宠物被认为是变态。

9. rather [ˈrɑːðə(r)] adv.

adv. 相当,某种程度上;有点儿,稍微;更准确地说;相反,反而

拓展:

同:adv. soon, first, lot, bit, preferably

例句:The walls were not white, but rather a sort of light grey.

墙面不是白的,而是浅灰的。

People in this region would rather work than live on welfare.

这个地区的人们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金过活。

10. ratio [ˈreɪʃiəʊ] n.(ratios)

n. 比例,比率

固定搭配:ratio (of A to B) 比例,比率

拓展:

同:n. rate, scale

派:rateable adj.按比例的;可估价的;应纳税的(等于ratable)

例句:The ratio of men to women in the department is out of proportion.

这个部门的男女比例不协调。

The ratio of applications to available places currently stands at 125:1.

目前,申请人数和就业岗位的比例为125:1。

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