管理类联考考研英语二长难句分析（6）

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Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.

【重点词汇】

note [nəʊt] n. 笔记;记录;便条

v. 指出;特别提到;注意;留意

comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 综合的;全部的;详尽的

address [əˈdres] n. 住址;地址

v. 设法解决;处理;演说;演讲

homeless [ˈhəʊmləs] adj. 无家可归的

【句子分析】

主句：Chris Reidy(主语)notes(谓语)that从句(宾语)

That宾语从句：that(引导词)the situation(主语)will improve(谓语)

Only when条件状语从句：when(引导词)there are(there be句型)comprehensive programs(主语)

That定语从句：that(主语)address(谓语)the many needs of the homeless(宾语)

【补充分析】

①Boston Globe reporter为同位语，解释说明主语Chris Reidy的身份;

②that引导的定语从句的先行词为programs;

③only为副词修饰when引导的从句。

【参考译文】

《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯·雷迪认为，只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.

【重点词汇】

perceive [pəˈsiːv] v. 感知;认为;意识到;察觉到

float [fləʊt] v. 漂浮;浮动;漂流

miss [mɪs] v. 思念;怀念;错过;未察觉

majority [məˈdʒɒrəti] n. 大部分;大多数

stick [stɪk] v. 粘贴;粘住

n. 枝条;枯枝

surface [ˈsɜːfɪs] n. 表面;表层

【句子分析】

主句：This(主语)means(谓语)that从句(宾语)

That宾语从句：that(引导词)our noses(主语)are limited to perceiving(谓语)those smells(宾语)

Which定语从句1：which(主语)float(谓语)

Which定语从句2：which(主语)stick to(谓语)surfaces(宾语)

【补充分析】

①Which定语从句1的先行词为smells;

②through the air在Which定语从句1中当状语;

③missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces为结果状语，修饰从句的主句。

【参考译文】

这就意味着，我们的鼻子只能感知空气中漂浮的气味，而遗漏了大多数附着在各种物体表面的气味。

However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchin monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

【重点词汇】

fairness [ˈfeənəs] n. 公正性;公平合理性

evolve [iˈvɒlv] v. 进化;(使)逐渐形成;逐渐演变

independently [ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ] adj. 相互独立的;彼此不关联的

capuchin monkeys ['kæpjʊˌtʃɪn ˈmʌŋkiz] n. 卷尾猴;僧帽猴

ancestor [ˈænsestə(r)] n. 祖宗;祖先

unanswered [ʌnˈɑːnsəd] adj. 未解答的;悬而未决的

【句子分析】

主句：whether从句1 or whether从句2(主语)is(系动词)[as yet] an unanswered question.(表语)

Whether主语从句1：whether(引导词)such a sense of fairness(主语)evolved [independently](谓语)

Whether主语从句2：or(连词)whether(引导词)it(主语)stems from(谓语)the common ancestor(宾语)

That定语从句：that(宾语)the species(主语)had(谓语)

【补充分析】

①本句的主语由两个whether引导的从句充当;

②in capuchin monkeys and humans为Whether主语从句1当状语;

③that定语从句的先行词为ancestor;

④35 million years ago为that定语从句中的时间状语。

【参考译文】

但是，这种公平意识是在僧帽猴和人类各自的进化过程中形成的，还是源于3500万年前他们共同的祖先，至今还无定论。

Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.

【重点词汇】

engage [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] v. 从事;参加;雇用;聘用

sufficiently [sə'fɪʃ(ə)ntlɪ] adv. 足以;十分;充分地

penalize [ˈbedrɒk] v. 处罚;惩罚

misdeed [ˌmɪsˈdiːd] n. 不端行为;恶行

interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃən] n. 相互作用;相互影响

【句子分析】

主句：Theories(主语)suggest(谓语)that从句(宾语)

That宾语从句1：that(引导词)children(主语)engage in(谓语)criminal behavior(宾语)

Because原因状语从句：because(引导词)they(主语)were not [sufficiently] penalized(谓语)

That宾语从句2：or(连词)that(引导词)they(主语)have learned(谓语)criminal behavior(宾语)

【补充分析】

①centering on the individual为现在分词作后置定语修饰主语Theories;

②for previous misdeeds为because原因状语从句的原因状语;

③through interaction with others为宾语从句2中的方式状语。

【参考译文】

强调个人因素的理论认为，青少年从事犯罪活动，是因为他们以前的恶劣行为没有受到应有的惩罚，或者是由于受其他人影响而走上了犯罪道路。

Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【重点词汇】

linguistic [lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk] adj. 语言的;语言学的

determinism [dɪˈtɜːmɪnɪzəm] n. 决定论

imprison [ɪmˈprɪzn] v. 监禁;关押

grammatical [ɡrəˈmætɪkl] adj. 文法的;语法的;符合语法规则的

far-reaching [ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ] adj. 影响深远的;广泛的

consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n. 结果;后果;重要性

【句子分析】

主句：Whorf(主语)came to believe in(谓语)a sort of linguistic determinism(宾语)

Which定语从句：which(主语)states(谓语)that从句1(宾语1)and(连词)that从句2(宾语2)

That宾语从句1：that(引导词)language(主语)imprisons(谓语)the mind(宾语)

That宾语从句2：and(连词)that(引导词)the grammatical patterns(主语)can produce(谓语)far-reaching consequences(宾语)

【补充分析】

①in its strongest form为插入成分，起到补充信息的作用;

②which定语从句的先行词为linguistic determinism;

③in language为后置定语，修饰先行词patterns。

【参考译文】

沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

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