管理类联考考研英语二长难句分析（4）

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Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

【重点词汇】

quality [ˈkwɒləti] n. 质量;品质;素质;品德

adj. 优质的;高质量的

variable [ˈveəriəbl] n. 变量;可变因素

adj. 多变的;易变的;变化无常的

union [ˈjuːniən] n. 工会;协会

rid [rɪd] v. 摆脱;去除;消除

promote [prəˈməʊt] v. 促进;推动

【句子分析】

主句：teachers’ unions(主语)have fought against(谓语)getting rid of bad ones(宾语1)and(连词)promoting good ones(宾语2)

Even though让步状语从句：Even though(引导词)there is(there be句型)plenty of evidence(主语)

That同位语从句：that(引导词)the quality of the teachers(主语)is(系动词)the most important variable(表语)

【补充分析】

①That同位语从句解释说明evidence的具体内容。

【参考译文】

尽管有大量证据表明，教师素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会还是反对实行优胜劣汰这一做法。

Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

【重点词汇】

justification [ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 正当理由

origin [ˈɒrɪdʒɪn] n. 起源;源头;起因

reasonable [ˈriːznəbl] adj. 有理由的;合乎情理的

diversity [daɪˈvɜːsəti] n. 多样性;多样化

constrain [kənˈstreɪn] v. 限制;限定;约束

【句子分析】

主句：Darwinism(主语)seems to offer justification(复合谓语seem to do sth.)

For原因状语从句：for(引导词)if从句(状语)it(形式主语)seems(系动词)reasonable(表语)to suppose that从句(真正的主语)

If条件状语从句：if(引导词)all humans(主语)share(谓语)common origins(宾语)

That宾语从句：that(引导词)cultural diversity(主语)could also be traced to more constrained beginnings(复合谓语trace...to...的被动形式)

【补充分析】

①本句是一个多重复合句，for引导的原因状语从句中内嵌了if引导的条件状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。

【参考译文】

达尔文学说似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有着共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由认为文化的多样性也可以追潮到更为有限的起源。

Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.

【重点词汇】

biologist [baɪˈɒlədʒɪst] n. 生物学家

somewhat [ˈsʌmwɒt] adv. 稍微;有点;有几分

overwork [ˌəʊvəˈwɜːk] v. (使)过度劳累;过分努力

n. 劳累过度;过分辛苦

creature [ˈkriːtʃə(r)] n. 生物;动物

preserve [prɪˈzɜːv] v. 保护;维护;维持……的原状;保存

prey [preɪ] n. 猎物;受害者

v. 捕食;猎获

【句子分析】

主句：Time(主语)was(系动词)when从句(表语)

When表语从句：when(引导词)biologists(主语)[somewhat] overworked(谓语)the evidence(宾语)

That同位语从句1：that(引导词)these creatures(主语)preserve(谓语)the health of game(宾语)

That同位语从句2：or(连词)that(引导词)they(主语)prey only on(谓语)“worthless” species(宾语)

【补充分析】

①time was when相当于there was a time when…，翻译为“曾几何时……”，when从句引出一件过去已经发生的事情;

②that引导的同位语从句1和2先行词为evidence，解释说明是什么证据;

③by killing the physically weak为that引导的同位语从句1中的方式状语。

【参考译文】

曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

【重点词汇】

discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] v. 发现;找到

consciously [ˈkɒnʃəsli] adv. 有意识地;自觉地

parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj. 平行的;并行的;相应的

innovative [ˈɪnəveɪtɪv] adj. 革新的;创新的;引进新思想的;采用新方法的

track [træk] n. 小道;小径;足迹;踪迹;轨道;跑道

v. 跟踪;追踪

【句子分析】

主句：But(连词)brain researchers(主语)have discovered(谓语)that从句(宾语)

That宾语从句：that(引导词)we(主语)create(谓语)parallel paths(宾语1)and(连词)even entirely new brain cells(宾语2)

When时间状语从句：when(引导词)we(主语)consciously develop(谓语)new habits(宾语)

That定语从句：that(主语)can jump(谓语)our trains of thought(宾语)

【补充分析】

①主干部分that引导的宾语从句中内嵌了一个when引导的时间状语从句和that定语从句;

②that定语从句修饰paths, and even entirely new brain cells;

③onto new, innovative tracks为that引导的定语从句中的状语。

【参考译文】

但是，大脑研究专家却发现，当我们有意识地培养新习惯的时候，就会在大脑中生成相应的通道，甚至还会形成全新的脑细胞，它们能把我们的思路引入到新的创新轨道。

More than 60,000 people have purchased the paternity testing kits since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.

【重点词汇】

purchase [ˈpɜːtʃəs] n. 购买;采购

v. 购买;采购

paternity [pəˈtɜːnəti] n. 父亲的身份(或地位)

kit [kɪt] n. 成套工具;成套设备

v. 装备

prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃn] n. 处方;药方

over-the-counter [ˌəʊvə ðə ˈkaʊntə(r)] adj. 无需处方可买到的;非处方的

【句子分析】

主句：More than 60,000 people(主语)have purchased(谓语)the paternity testing kits(宾语)

Since时间状语从句：since(引导词)they(主语)first became(系动词)available(表语)

Which定语从句修饰Identigene：which(主语)makes(谓语)the over-the-counter kits(宾语)

【补充分析】

①according to Doug Fogg为插入语;

②chief operating officer of Identigene为Doug Fogg的同位语，表明其身份;

③without prescriptions last year分别为时间状语从句中的伴随状语和时间状语。

【参考译文】

据生产这种非处方产品套装的Identigene公司的首席运营官道格·福格称，自从去年该亲子鉴定产品套装不需要医师处方即可购买以来，已经有6万多人购买。

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