考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（四百二十八）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Will a robot snatch away your job? Or will you learn to love intelligent machines as co¬workers? In today’s quickly evolving workplace a little of either may be true.Robots were once seen as workers that would free humans from the “three D” jobs: dull, dirty, and dangerous. Unskilled laborers would have their jobs handed to machines that never needed to take a day off, a vacation, or even a coffee break.That’s still a concern. But humans have also proved resilient, possessing a wide array of fine motor skills that have proved difficult to reproduce in machines. While robots might operate using one sensor, perhaps a kind of vision, humans can tap five senses to assess a situation, as well as a complex set of memories and experiences. When robots can catch up is anyone’s guess.Still, more and more robots are scurrying around places like gigantic Amazon distribution centers, where they deliver packages to channels matched to the right delivery ZIP code. Their paths as they roll about the warehouse floor are based on complex algorithms that maximize efficiency. But for now, humans are still needed to pack the actual boxes, which might contain several items of different sizes, shapes, weights, and fragility. That’s a packing choice that still stumps a robot, but is easily handled by a human.As artificial intelligence advances, robots will move into higher-skilled jobs that seem especially human. This spring, for example, minor league baseball is experimenting with a “robo-umpire” called TrackMan that calls balls and strikes behind home plate. No more fans yelling at a human ump “Get a pair of glasses!” Journalists have fancied themselves pretty safe from robo-job stealing. But RADAR, a robot news writer in Britain, researches and writes stories based on templates created by humans, producing about 8,000 local news stories a month. Humans are still needed to double-check the work, just as editors do with human journalists today.Observers worry that the historically low 3.6% jobless rate in the United States is temporarily masking this robot revolution shocking the workplace. In April, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development estimated 14% of the jobs in its 36 member nations are at “high risk” of being eliminated by automation, while another 32% will undergo major changes in how they are done. Millions of workers young and old will need to learn new skills to keep their jobs or qualify for new ones. How to prepare to work alongside robots and other manifestations of artificial intelligence is a challenge that individuals, educators, employers, and governments are going to be facing at an ever-quickening pace.1.What does the author mean by saying “That’s still a concern” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)?2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?3.The author quotes the example of TrackMan and RADAR to show that_____.4.The author’s attitude towards working together with robots is_____.5.Which of the following is the text mainly about?

问题1

A、It is uncertain whether robots will snatch away human’s works.

B、Robots were able to replace human in the nontechnical jobs.

C、Fine operating skills possessed by humans were irreproducible.

D、Intelligent machines would work together with humans.

问题2

A、Robots still need the help of human in some jobs.

B、Humans still play a dominant role in the workplace.

C、There is no difficulty for robots to work independently.

D、Robots can take the place of human in the future.

问题3

A、humans should learn new skills to avoid being replaced

B、artificial intelligence has experienced rapid development

C、robots will engage in those jobs requiring advanced skills

D、it is possible for humans to face the threat of losing jobs soon

问题4

A、appreciative

B、ambiguous

C、concerned

D、objective

问题5

A、The development of artificial intelligence.

B、The impact of robot revolution on human’s jobs.

C、The challenges faced by humans in the workplace.

D、What kinds of jobs robots will do in the future.

2、For a century, urban commotion has been treated as a moral failing of individuals. Fixing it will require systemic changes to environmental noise.What are your ears hearing right now? Maybe the bustling sounds of a busy office, or your partner cooking dinner in the next room. Whatever the texture of the sonic landscape of your life may be, beneath it all is the same omnipresent din: the sound of cars.That might seem benign, or perhaps even endearing—the sound of the bustle of the big city. But the din of vehicles, along with transit and industrial activity, is making people sick. People forget that noise pollution is still pollution. And noise pollution is everywhere.Unlike many other injuries, hearing damage is irreparable. It also functions differently. People tend to assume that hearing loss is akin to turning down the volume in one’s head—that everything just sounds quieter. But it’s more complex than that. Sound at certain frequencies just vanishes—birdsong, intelligible human speech, the gentle rustling of leaves, the crispy highs of brushes on jazz cymbals. People can avoid using earbuds excessively or attending loud concerts. But people do not necessarily have the ability to avoid high levels of environmental noise—it’s in their neighborhoods, near their schools, at their workplaces. That makes noise pollution a matter of bodily autonomy.Solving the environmental-noise problem has been difficult, partly because for more than a century anti-noise advocates have fought for the right to silence rather than the right to hear.Concerns about hearing loss largely focus on excessive noise exposure. But environmental noise is just as unsafe. People living in cities are regularly exposed (against their will) to noise above 85 decibels from sources like traffic, subways, industrial activity, and airports. That’s enough to cause significant hearing loss over time. If you have an hour- long commute at such sound levels, your hearing has probably already been affected. Urban life also sustains average background noise levels of 60 decibels, which is loud enough to raise ones blood pressure and heart rate, and cause stress, loss of concentration, and loss of sleep. Sirens are a particularly extreme example of the kind of noise inflicted on people every day: They ring at a sound-pressure level of 120 decibels—a level that corresponds with the human pain threshold, according to the World Health Organization.But since the turn of the 20th century, protecting human hearing has taken a back seat to securing quiet for those with means, and punishing those without. Noise-abatement laws transformed an objective concern about environmental and health conditions into a subjective fight over aesthetic moralism.1.According to the first paragraph, urban commotion is not related to____.2.The word “din” (Line 3, Paragraph 2 and Line 2, Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to____.3.Which of the following is true of the hearing damage?4.We may infer from the sixth paragraph that____.5.What does the first sentence in the last paragraph mean?

问题1

A、personal moral breakdown

B、individual emotional state

C、city’s or town’s noise pollution

D、one’s clamorous surroundings

问题2

A、a main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

B、a room that is comfortable and secluded

C、a very loud and unpleasant noise that lasts for some time

D、a small buoy used as a marker at sea

问题3

A、It can be repaired or made better.

B、It performs the same function.

C、It makes everything sound quieter.

D、It is caused by over-exposure to noise.

问题4

A、noise exerts its hazardous influence on people in cities and towns

B、noise above 85 decibels causes significant hearing loss over time

C、noise levels of 60 decibels raise one’s blood pressure and heart rate

D、sirens at the level of 120 decibels meet with the human pain threshold

问题5

A、Protecting human hearing used to be of priority in the past.

B、Obtaining quiet environment was once the first consideration.

C、Both safeguarding hearing and securing quiet are significant.

D、Neither protecting hearing nor acquiring quiet is of importance.

3、brief 

A、 adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的；过短的，暴露身体的；v. 给指示，向介绍情况；向（辩护律师）提供案情摘要；n. 任务简介，指示；案情摘要，委托辩护；辩护状；辩护律师

B、 adj. 任何的；所有的；丝毫的

C、 n. 注意，专心，留心，注意力；兴趣，关注；殷勤，关心；特别照料；立正姿势

D、 adv. 总之；无论如何；不管怎样

4、bulk 

A、 adj. 性感的，妩媚的，英俊的，诱人的；吸引人的，令人愉快的；有吸引力的

B、 v. 使某物加大（或加厚、加重）；n. 预算，主体，大部分；体积，大（量）；巨大的体重

C、 n. 观众，听众；读者；会见，觐见，进见

D、 adj. 声音的；录音的

5、Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart. Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. "It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong;' she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb." And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets" - large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets - which meant they had to be durable. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardfs sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases. Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history - Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on - after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, "and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve ... will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen. 1、According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in________.2、Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are________.3、Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks to________.4、The author thinks that preservation of plastics is________.5、In Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts________.

问题1

A、maintaining their plastic items.

B、obtaining durable plastic artifacts.

C、handling outdated plastic exhibits.

D、classifying their plastic collections.

问题2

A、immune to decay.

B、improperly shaped.

C、inherently flawed.

D、complex in structure.

问题3

A、keep them from hurting visitors.

B、duplicate them for future display.

C、have their ingredients analyzed.

D、prevent them from further damage.

问题4

A、costly.

B、unworthy

C、unpopular.

D、challenging.

问题5

A、will inspire future scientific research.

B、has profound historical significance.

C、will help us separate the material ages.

D、has an impact on today's cultural life

1、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.B
【解析】题目问的是作者提到的“这仍然是（人类）关心的问题”（第三段，第一行）是什么意思。that一般用于承接上文，指代上文内容，故可定位至前文第二段。第二段第一句指出机器人曾被视为可以使人类摆脱枯燥、肮脏和危险这三类工作的劳动者，第二句指出非技术性的工作可以交给不需要休息的机器人。选项B“机器人能够替代人类从事非技术性工作”符合第二段的意思，且replace human in...jobs是原文free human from...job的同义替换，nontechnical是原文unskilled的同义替换，故为正确答案。
2.A
【解析】本题问的是我们可以从第四段中得知什么。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段，该段第一句指出越来越多的机器人在大型配送中心忙碌，运送包裹；第三句指出，但如今，由于物品的大小、形状、重量和易碎性，仍然需要人类来打包实体箱子；最后一句指出，这种选择包装仍然是机器难以解决的，但人类处理起来却很容易。由此可见，有些性质的工作机器人不能独立完成，仍需要人类的帮助。选项A“在一些工作中机器人仍然需要人类的帮助”符合第四段第三句和第四句的表述，故为正确答案。
3.C
【解析】题目问的是作者引用TrackMan和RADAR的例子旨在说明什么。根据题干的关键词TrackMan和RADAR可定位到文章第五段。本段首句指出，随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。接下来列举了美国职业棒球小联盟正在试验的机器人裁判TrackMan和英国机器人新闻作家RADAR的例子，说明机器人已开始从事一些人类专属的高技能工作。因此TrackMan和RADAR这两个例子是对首句观点“随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作”的例证，故答案为选项C“机器人将会从事那些需要高级技能的工作”。
4.C
【解析】题目问的是作者关于与机器人一起工作的态度是怎样的。根据题干关键词 working together with robots可定位至文章最后一段最后一句。该句提到，如何应对与机器人和其他人工智能产物一起工作的问题，是个人、教育工作者、雇主和政府很快将面临的挑战。由此可见，作者对于未来与机器人和人工智能产物一起工作是关心的、担忧的，故选项C concerned（关心的；担忧的）为正确答案。
5.B
【解析】题目问的是本文主要讨论了哪些内容。由题干关键信息the text mainly about可知，本题为主旨要义题，考查对整篇文章主旨大意的理解和概括。文章第一段引出话题，在未来职场中，机器人可能替代人类的工作或成为人类的同事与人类一起工作；第二段指出，机器人曾被认为可以替代人类做一些非技术性的工作，且不需要休息的机器；第三段到第四段指出，对于一些精细的操作技能，机器人暂时还无法复制，无法赶上人类；第五段列举了新试验的机器人裁判和英国机器人新闻作家，说明随着人工智能的发展，机器人会从事一些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。第六段指出如何应对与机器人和其他形式的人工智能一起工作，是我们即将面临的挑战。由此可见，本文主要讨论了机器人等人工智能的发展对人类工作的影响，选项B为正确答案。

2、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:A;第5题:A;

试题解析：

1.B
【解析】题目是关于第一段中城市喧嚣的表述。题目问根据第一段内容，城市喧嚣与_无关。原文指出：一个世纪以来，城市喧嚣一直被视为是个人道德缺失的表现。解决这个问题需要使环境噪声发生系统性的改变。由此可以判断城市喧嚣与人们的道德缺失、环境噪声等有关，这些因素都可以导致城市喧嚣。只有选项B individual emotional state“个人的情绪状态”在文中没有提到，是正确答案。
2.C
【解析】题目问第二段第三行和第三段第二行的din是什么意思。该词所在句子为beneath it all is the same omnipresent din: the sound of cars （在这一切的背后都是同样无处不在的_：汽车的声音）以及 But the din of vehicles, along with transit and industrial activity, is making people sick...noise pollution is everywhere （但是汽车的_，以及运输和工业活动，正在使人们生病……噪声污染无处不在）。我们可以推断出这个词与声音、噪声是同义词或近义词，而最接近这个意思的是选项C“一种持续一段时间的、非常响亮而令人不快的声音”。
3.D
【解析】题目问关于听力损伤哪个选项是正确的，本题涉及多处细节与原文的一致性。文章第六段第一句话提到Concerns about hearing loss largely focus on excessive noise exposure，大意是，对听力损失的关注主要集中在过度接触噪音上。选项D“它是由过度接触噪声引起的”与此信息一致，是正确选项。
4.A
【解析】题目是对第六段内容的推理判断。选项A“噪声对城镇居民的危害很大”，这一结论可以从第六段的整体内容中推断出来。原文指出，环境噪声也同样不安全。然后分别说明了不同分贝值的噪音对人的伤害。因此选项A是对原文内容的正确推断。
5.A
【解析】题目问最后一段的第一句话是什么意思。文章最后一段第一句话指出“但自二十世纪以来，保护人类听力已被置于次要地位，对那些有办法的人来说确保安静才是更重要的，而没有办法的人只能受噪音的折磨了”。只有选项A“在过去，保护人类的听力是最重要的”与原文内容相吻合，为正确选项。

3、试题答案：A

4、试题答案：B

5、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:D;第5题:B;

试题解析：第1题:

首先，根据题干关键词museum, faced with, difficulties定位到第一段第七句“All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects”。huge headaches，是题干difficulties的同义替换，再根据all of which得知，答案就是which的指代内容，即：第一段三句至六句But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge.“some plastic materials change over time”（一些塑料材料会随着时间发生改变），这是博物馆的所遇到的困难，因此选择A。

B项是利用段落中的原词设置了干扰，比如durable, plastics；C项无中生有；D项无中生有。

首先，根据题干关键词Van Oosten believes和certain plastic objects定位到第二段第一句“Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten”。 “says Thea van Oosten”对应了题干的 “Van Oosten”，“Certain artifacts”对应了题干的 “certain plastic objects”，所以，能够对应 “vulnerable”的信息就是正确选项。因此选择C项（inherently flawed）就是正确答案。

A、D 项在段落中找不到根据，属于无中生有。B项则是利用段落中的原词properly设置了干扰improperly shaped，但是对文中的mix（混合）进行了概念的偷换，换成了shape（塑形），故也是错误的。

首先，根据题干关键词Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks定位到第四段最后一句 “Museums locked some of them away in the dark.”其中locked some of them away in the dark被改写成了stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks。再通过语义的理解，找到这种做法的目的为第五段的第三句：Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. 说明了这些措施的目的，是防止这些艺术品受到更大的光破坏。因此选择D。

A、C 项的内容在定位段落中找不到根据，属于无中生有；B选项利用段落中的原词further设置干扰，语义信息在文中则没有根据。

首先，根据题干关键词preservation of plastics定位到第六段第一句话“Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder.”这句话为作者的观点，且是关于塑料物品保存。作者认为要保存塑料物品可能会变得越来越难（will likely get harder），因此选择D。

A、B、C 项在文中均没有根据，属于无中生有。

根据题干信息 Ferreira和preservation of plastic artifacts定位到最后一段第二句至第三句。其中题干中的plastic artifacts对应what we decide to collect；题干中的preservation对应what we decide to prserve；will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen（对于后代如何看待我们产生重要影响），能够对应这一信息的是B项，也就是具有深远的历史意义，因此选择B。

A项利用段落中出现的原词future设置干扰，但是该选项的信息在段落中没有根据，属于无中生有；C项:将有助于我们区分物品年代，但是段落中说的是确定（define），而非区分（separate），属于偷梁换柱；D项利用段落中出现的原词today设置了干扰，但是该选项的信息则在段落中找不到依据。