考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（四百二十七）

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. Amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a a statement, "businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”1.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will（  ）.2.It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions（  ）.3.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule has（  ）.4.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling（  ）.5.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author（  ）.

问题1

A、endetter business' revolutions with states

B、put most online business in a dilemma

C、make more online shoppers pay sales tax

D、forces some states to cut sales tax

问题2

A、have led to the dominance of e-commerce

B、have cost consumers a lot over the years

C、were widely criticized by online purchases

D、were considered up favorable by states

问题3

A、hindered economic development

B、brought prosperity to the country

C、harmed fair market competition

D、boosted growth in states revenue

问题4

A、Internet entrepreneurs

B、Big-chain owners

C、Third-party sellers

D、Small retailers

问题5

A、gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences

B、describes the long and complicated process of its making

C、presents its main points with conflicting views on them

D、cities some cases related to it and analyzes their implications

2、Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.1.Scientific publishing is seen as "a licence to print money" partly because（  ）.2. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have（  ）.3.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?4.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms（  ）.5.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

问题1

A、its funding has enjoyed a steady increase

B、its marketing strategy has been successful

C、its payment for peer review is reduced

D、its content acquisition costs nothing

问题2

A、thrived mainly on university libraries

B、gone through an existential crisis

C、revived the publishing industry

D、financed researchers generously

问题3

A、Relieved.

B、Puzzled.

C、Concerned.

D、Encouraged.

问题4

A、allow publishers some room to make money

B、render publishing much easier for scientists

C、reduce the cost of publication substantially

D、free universities from financial burdens

问题5

A、Trial subscription is offered.

B、Labour triumphs over status.

C、Costs are well controlled.

D、The few feed on the many.

3、balloon 

A、 n. 大使；使节

B、 adj. 模棱两可的，含混不清的；不明确的

C、 n. 救护车

D、 n. 气球；热气球；v. 膨胀，涨大；乘热气球飞行

4、Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart. Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. "It's like baking a cake: If you don't have exact amounts, it goes wrong;' she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb." And sometimes, it's not the artist's fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets" - large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets - which meant they had to be durable. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardfs sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals "sunscreens" because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases. Despite success stories like van Oosten's, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history - Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on - after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, "and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve ... will have a strong impact on how in the future we'll be seen. 1、According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in________.2、Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are________.3、Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi's artworks to________.4、The author thinks that preservation of plastics is________.5、In Ferreira's opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts________.

问题1

A、maintaining their plastic items.

B、obtaining durable plastic artifacts.

C、handling outdated plastic exhibits.

D、classifying their plastic collections.

问题2

A、immune to decay.

B、improperly shaped.

C、inherently flawed.

D、complex in structure.

问题3

A、keep them from hurting visitors.

B、duplicate them for future display.

C、have their ingredients analyzed.

D、prevent them from further damage.

问题4

A、costly.

B、unworthy

C、unpopular.

D、challenging.

问题5

A、will inspire future scientific research.

B、has profound historical significance.

C、will help us separate the material ages.

D、has an impact on today's cultural life

5、The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.    Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.    More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.    What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.    As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.1、The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries _____.2、It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system _____.3、A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _____.4、The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _____.5、According to the last paragraph , development of education _____.

问题1

A、is subject groundless doubts

B、has fallen victim of bias

C、is conventional downgraded

D、has been overestimated

问题2

A、challenges economists and politicians

B、takes efforts of generations

C、demands priority from the government

D、requires sufficient labor force

问题3

A、the Japanese workforce is better disciplined

B、the Japanese workforce is more productive

C、[C]the U.S workforce has a better education

D、the U.S workforce is more organize

问题4

A、when people had enough time

B、prior to better ways of finding food

C、when people on longer went hung

D、as a result of pressure on government

问题5

A、results directly from competitive environments

B、does not depend on economic performance

C、follows improved productivity

D、cannot afford political changes