考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（四百二十一）

责编：希赛网 2023-08-11

本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容

1、Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in order to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and Technology is around f 1,500 a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks” to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £4,000 a year more than female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling” effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.1.The phrase “crop up” in the first paragraph most probably means____2.Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?3.According to the text, the author places interpretation on____4.In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to____5.Which of followings could be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、thrive.

B、plant.

C、elevate.

D、happen.

问题2

A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.

B、Fewer research resources for women scientists.

C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.

D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.

问题3

A、a humor.

B、a adage.

C、a term.

D、a motto.

问题4

A、compare the pay between male and female scientists.

B、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.

C、contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.

D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.

问题5

A、Avoid the discrimination.

B、Free to Flutter.

C、The Hardest Move.

D、Mind the Gap.

2、boom

A、 adj. 不同的；另一个（人）

B、 adj. 令人尴尬的，使人难堪的；难对付的，难处理的；不方便的；产生困难的，危险的；笨拙的，不舒适的

C、 adj. 知道，意识到，明白；察觉到，发觉，发现；对……有兴趣的，有……意识的

D、 n. 激增，繁荣；突然风靡的时期；深沉的响声；水栅；v. 轰鸣，轰响；以低沉有力的声音说；迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛

3、capable

A、 adj. 有能力的；有才干的；容许……的；可以做（某事）的；综合性的；有资格的

B、 n. 姑母；姨母；伯母；婶母；舅母；阿姨

C、 adj. 听觉的；听的

D、 adj. 真正的，真品的，真迹的；真实的，真正的；逼真的

4、Text 1 ①How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? ②It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. ③This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure ofinflation. ①Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. ②Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? ③Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North. ①However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. ②It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. ③The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. ④However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered. ①The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. ②This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. ③Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. ④The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.1、The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ______ . 2、The stockbroker in Para graph 2 is used to stand for ______ . 3、It is indicated in Para graph 3 that train operators ______ . 4、If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face ______ . 5、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、has kept pace with inflation

B、is a big surprise to commuters

C、remains an unreasonable measure

D、will ease train operators' burden

问题2

A、car drivers

B、rail travelers

C、local investors

D、ordinary taxpayers

问题3

A、are offering compensation to commuters

B、are trying to repair relations with the unions

C、have failed to provide an adequate service

D、have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes

问题4

A、the loss of investment

B、the collapse of operations

C、a reduction of revenue

D、a change of ownership

问题5

A、Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B、Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work

C、Can Nationalisation Bring Hope?

D、Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable

5、While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.” Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1、Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?2、Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women _____.3、According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be _____.4、The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that _____.5、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

B、Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

C、Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

D、Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

问题2

A、need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

B、have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

C、are more capable of avoiding stress.

D、are exposed to more stress.

问题3

A、domestic and temporary.