考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练（四百一十五）
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本文提供考研201英语（一）在线题库每日一练，以下为具体内容
1、In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don't involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:Better hiring practicesCompanies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does, ” says Pedro Domingo, author of The Master Algorithm: How the quest for the Ultimate learning Machine Will Reambe Our World and a computer science 1.（ ） One company that's doing this is called Blendoor. It usesanalytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.More effective marketingSome AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. 2.（ ） These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.Saving customers moneyEnergy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. “Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much,” says Domingos, 3.（ ）Improved accuracy“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable,“ says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” 4.（ ）Protecting and maintaining infrastructureA number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingo's.“ 5."（ ） .”
问题1
A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.
B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
问题2
A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.
B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
问题3
A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.
B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
问题4
A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time for.
B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
F、We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
问题5
A、I replaces the boring parts of your job. If you're doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn't have time for.
B、One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
C、There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like AdWords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results.
D、You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it's useful for employees to go to.
E、Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost [the company] money.
F、We're also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G、AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
2、This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identify, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?” What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.“Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced,” says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.” But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren't at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity's highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein's out-of-control monster. 1.Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it（ ）.2.In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness（ ）.3.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles（ ）.4.The author's attitude toward Google's pledge is one of（ ）.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
问题1
A、fascinates AI scientists all over the world
B、has remained popular for as long as 200 years
C、involves some concerns raised by AI today
D、has sparked serious ethical controversies
问题2
A、helps explain artificial intelligence
B、can be misleading to robot making
C、inspires popular sci-fi TV series
D、is too limited for us to reproduce it
问题3
A、can hardly ever be found
B、is still beyond our capacity
C、causes little public concern
D、has aroused much curiosity
问题4
A、affirmation
B、skepticism
C、contempt
D、respect
问题5
A、AI's Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants
B、Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI
C、The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable
D、AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control
3、Will a robot snatch away your job? Or will you learn to love intelligent machines as co¬workers? In today’s quickly evolving workplace a little of either may be true.Robots were once seen as workers that would free humans from the “three D” jobs: dull, dirty, and dangerous. Unskilled laborers would have their jobs handed to machines that never needed to take a day off, a vacation, or even a coffee break.That’s still a concern. But humans have also proved resilient, possessing a wide array of fine motor skills that have proved difficult to reproduce in machines. While robots might operate using one sensor, perhaps a kind of vision, humans can tap five senses to assess a situation, as well as a complex set of memories and experiences. When robots can catch up is anyone’s guess.Still, more and more robots are scurrying around places like gigantic Amazon distribution centers, where they deliver packages to channels matched to the right delivery ZIP code. Their paths as they roll about the warehouse floor are based on complex algorithms that maximize efficiency. But for now, humans are still needed to pack the actual boxes, which might contain several items of different sizes, shapes, weights, and fragility. That’s a packing choice that still stumps a robot, but is easily handled by a human.As artificial intelligence advances, robots will move into higher-skilled jobs that seem especially human. This spring, for example, minor league baseball is experimenting with a “robo-umpire” called TrackMan that calls balls and strikes behind home plate. No more fans yelling at a human ump “Get a pair of glasses!” Journalists have fancied themselves pretty safe from robo-job stealing. But RADAR, a robot news writer in Britain, researches and writes stories based on templates created by humans, producing about 8,000 local news stories a month. Humans are still needed to double-check the work, just as editors do with human journalists today.Observers worry that the historically low 3.6% jobless rate in the United States is temporarily masking this robot revolution shocking the workplace. In April, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development estimated 14% of the jobs in its 36 member nations are at “high risk” of being eliminated by automation, while another 32% will undergo major changes in how they are done. Millions of workers young and old will need to learn new skills to keep their jobs or qualify for new ones. How to prepare to work alongside robots and other manifestations of artificial intelligence is a challenge that individuals, educators, employers, and governments are going to be facing at an ever-quickening pace.1.What does the author mean by saying “That’s still a concern” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)?2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?3.The author quotes the example of TrackMan and RADAR to show that_____.4.The author’s attitude towards working together with robots is_____.5.Which of the following is the text mainly about?
问题1
A、It is uncertain whether robots will snatch away human’s works.
B、Robots were able to replace human in the nontechnical jobs.
C、Fine operating skills possessed by humans were irreproducible.
D、Intelligent machines would work together with humans.
问题2
A、Robots still need the help of human in some jobs.
B、Humans still play a dominant role in the workplace.
C、There is no difficulty for robots to work independently.
D、Robots can take the place of human in the future.
问题3
A、humans should learn new skills to avoid being replaced
B、artificial intelligence has experienced rapid development
C、robots will engage in those jobs requiring advanced skills
D、it is possible for humans to face the threat of losing jobs soon
问题4
A、appreciative
B、ambiguous
C、concerned
D、objective
问题5
A、The development of artificial intelligence.
B、The impact of robot revolution on human’s jobs.
C、The challenges faced by humans in the workplace.
D、What kinds of jobs robots will do in the future.
4、When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But more and more studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened.” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”In the real world, such tendencies can yield big advantages, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole your attention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that____2.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of____3.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 show that____4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?5.The text intends to tell us that____
问题1
A、aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously.
B、one will become forgetful when he gets old.
C、older people don’t think their brainpower is falling.
D、the aged always stress long-term benefit.
问题2
A、their wide information.
B、the harm of Alzheimer’s disease.
C、their broader range of attention.
D、their frustration from limited attention.
问题3
A、out-of-place words are never negligible.
B、it is advisable for the old to read slowly.
C、there is nothing that can distract young people.
D、old people may be more attentive in face of distractions.
问题4
A、The forgetfulness of the old people turns to be their advantages.
B、The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.
C、Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.
D、Extra details influence one’s focus of attention.
问题5
A、brains do deteriorate with age.
B、an older brain may be a wiser brain.
C、a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom.
D、how an older brain processes information.
5、Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. ___1___ the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ___2___ to live shorter lives. This suggests that ___3___ bulbs burn longer, that there is an ___4___ in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it ___5___ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow ___6___ the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual ___7___ — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to ___8___ . Is there an adaptive value to ___9___ intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance ___10___ at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ___11___ of our own intelligence might be. This is ___12___ the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would ___13___ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, ___14___ , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that ___15___ animals ran the labs, they would test us to ___16___ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ___17___ , not merely how much of it there is. ___18___ , they would hope to study a ___19___ question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? ___20___ the results are inconclusive.
问题1
A、Suppose
B、Consider
C、Observe
D、Imagine
问题2
A、tended
B、feared
C、happened
D、threatened
问题3
A、thinner
B、stabler
C、lighter
D、dimmer
问题4
A、tendency
B、advantage
C、inclination
D、priority
问题5
A、insists on
B、sums up
C、turns out
D、puts forward
问题6
A、off
B、behind
C、over
D、along
问题7
A、incredible
B、spontaneous
C、inevitable
D、gradual
问题8
A、fight
B、doubt
C、stop
D、think
问题9
A、invisible
B、limited
C、indefinite
D、different
问题10
A、upward
B、forward
C、afterward
D、backward
问题11
A、features
B、influences
C、results
D、costs
问题12
A、outside
B、on
C、by
D、across
问题13
A、deliver
B、carry
C、perform
D、apply
问题14
A、by chance
B、in contrast
C、as usual
D、for instance
问题15
A、if
B、unless
C、as
D、lest
问题16
A、moderate
B、overcome
C、determine
D、reach
问题17
A、at
B、for
C、after
D、with
问题18
A、Above all
B、After all
C、However
D、Otherwise
问题19
A、fundamental
B、comprehensive
C、equivalent
D、hostile
问题20
A、By accident
B、In time
C、So far
D、Better still
1、试题答案：第1题:G;第2题:C;第3题:E;第4题:B;第5题:D;
2、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:D;第3题:B;第4题:A;第5题:C;
试题解析：第1题:
1.通过题干Mary Shelly's novel Frankenstein及题文同序原则可定位至文章第一段，在该段尾句，fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come. 此句中ethical questions可同义替换题干中的concern。故选C。
2.观点细节题。可通过关键词consciousness回文定位至原文第四段尾句部分：we are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there. 可知我们将意识注入机器的能力是有限的，因为没有好的理论可以解释。
3.根据题干关键词可定位至文章第三段：当下，人工智能的思维还不能达到人类的精密程度，让机器去预设每一种驾驶情形是一个困难的编程问题。由此说明，去解决人工智能所带来的道德问题，是在人类的能力范围之外的。
4.态度题，根据题干中的the author's attitude, Google's pledges回文定位到第八段，开头while转折，while the statement is vague，与vague相反的即是观点，所以表示正向情感的词即是正解。affirmation表示确定。
5.主旨题。本文首段通过引用Mary Shelley的书引出本文要探讨的话题：新技术所引发的道德问题。特别是在最后一段指出AI所涉及的道德问题已经触手可及。全篇复现了AI和conscience这两个关键词，所以答案选C。
3、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:C;第5题:B;
试题解析：
1.B
【解析】题目问的是作者提到的“这仍然是（人类）关心的问题”（第三段，第一行）是什么意思。that一般用于承接上文，指代上文内容，故可定位至前文第二段。第二段第一句指出机器人曾被视为可以使人类摆脱枯燥、肮脏和危险这三类工作的劳动者，第二句指出非技术性的工作可以交给不需要休息的机器人。选项B“机器人能够替代人类从事非技术性工作”符合第二段的意思，且replace human in...jobs是原文free human from...job的同义替换，nontechnical是原文unskilled的同义替换，故为正确答案。
2.A
【解析】本题问的是我们可以从第四段中得知什么。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段，该段第一句指出越来越多的机器人在大型配送中心忙碌，运送包裹；第三句指出，但如今，由于物品的大小、形状、重量和易碎性，仍然需要人类来打包实体箱子；最后一句指出，这种选择包装仍然是机器难以解决的，但人类处理起来却很容易。由此可见，有些性质的工作机器人不能独立完成，仍需要人类的帮助。选项A“在一些工作中机器人仍然需要人类的帮助”符合第四段第三句和第四句的表述，故为正确答案。
3.C
【解析】题目问的是作者引用TrackMan和RADAR的例子旨在说明什么。根据题干的关键词TrackMan和RADAR可定位到文章第五段。本段首句指出，随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。接下来列举了美国职业棒球小联盟正在试验的机器人裁判TrackMan和英国机器人新闻作家RADAR的例子，说明机器人已开始从事一些人类专属的高技能工作。因此TrackMan和RADAR这两个例子是对首句观点“随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作”的例证，故答案为选项C“机器人将会从事那些需要高级技能的工作”。
4.C
【解析】题目问的是作者关于与机器人一起工作的态度是怎样的。根据题干关键词 working together with robots可定位至文章最后一段最后一句。该句提到，如何应对与机器人和其他人工智能产物一起工作的问题，是个人、教育工作者、雇主和政府很快将面临的挑战。由此可见，作者对于未来与机器人和人工智能产物一起工作是关心的、担忧的，故选项C concerned（关心的；担忧的）为正确答案。
5.B
【解析】题目问的是本文主要讨论了哪些内容。由题干关键信息the text mainly about可知，本题为主旨要义题，考查对整篇文章主旨大意的理解和概括。文章第一段引出话题，在未来职场中，机器人可能替代人类的工作或成为人类的同事与人类一起工作；第二段指出，机器人曾被认为可以替代人类做一些非技术性的工作，且不需要休息的机器；第三段到第四段指出，对于一些精细的操作技能，机器人暂时还无法复制，无法赶上人类；第五段列举了新试验的机器人裁判和英国机器人新闻作家，说明随着人工智能的发展，机器人会从事一些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。第六段指出如何应对与机器人和其他形式的人工智能一起工作，是我们即将面临的挑战。由此可见，本文主要讨论了机器人等人工智能的发展对人类工作的影响，选项B为正确答案。
4、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:C;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:B;
试题解析：
1.A
【解析】此题是一道细节分析题，考查对文章中相关细节的理解。第一段提出老年人记忆变差，并非是智能衰退，而是摄取更多信息并进行筛选，第二段引用该书作者的观点，提出老年人记忆广度在加宽，虽然记忆力下降了，但这很有用。两段的共同信息是老年人的大脑注意范围广，同时加工信息多，从而印证了A选项“老年人的头脑往往能同时处理更多的信息”的正确性。
2.C
【解析】本题考查对文章中相关细节的理解。根据题干信息be forgetful，我们可以定位到第二段转折后的句子“much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact...”，句中的 difficult to latch onto just one fact 对应题干中的 be forgetful；句中that所指代的内容就是健忘的原因，而that所指代的是先行词（widening focus of） attention，是C选项 their broader range of attention 的同义转述，所以C选项正确。
3.D
【解析】本题是一道细节分析题，考查对文章中相关细节的理解。第三段提出老年人和年轻大学生对阅读材料中干扰信息的加工不同，老年人降低阅读速度，深度加工了材料中的不恰当词语（out-of-place words），被问及相关信息时，比学生反应更佳。但这只是实例的描述，应该结合前后文的论述对其加以总结，这个实证研究旨在证明前文的论题——老人的注意广度更宽，即忽略的信息更少了，老年人与年轻大学生面对干扰信息（distraction out-of-place words）时的对比，正好用D选项“老年人面对干扰时可能更加注意这些干扰信息”加以总结。所以答案为D。
4.C
【解析】本题考查对原文多处细节的推理及理解句子之间关系的能力。本题看似考查最后一段，其实应该结合上一段内容，找出such tendencies所指的内容——老年人更宽的注意广度，即对更多细节信息（包括干扰信息）的加工；如此一来，就解释清楚了本段主题句such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world的含义：更宽的注意广度（甚至包括对干扰信息的加工）在现实生活中是一个很大的优势。抽象地说，是对老年人的注意广度给予了积极的评价，而C选项恰好对这个命题做了相应的总结。
5.B
【解析】本题是一道文章主旨题。考查对文章主旨和框架的理解。这是一篇选摘的文章，基本上保留了原文的框架。B选项就是文章的原标题，是全文主题的提炼和概括。纵览全文，首段提出老年人记忆变差，并非是智能衰退，而是大脑在深度加工信息；第二段提出老年人记忆广度在加宽，虽然记忆下降，但这很有用；第三、四段为相关实验的过程，并点评到老人由于注意广度，更善于解决与干扰相关的问题；第五段评价老人这种特征的优势。总而言之，文章对老年人的智能进行了正面的评价。B选项“老人的大脑可能是一个更聪明的大脑”既包含了核心问题——老人的智能（an older brain），又对其进行了正面的评价（wiser），是正确选项。
5、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:A;第3题:D;第4题:B;第5题:C;第6题:A;第7题:D;第8题:C;第9题:B;第10题:D;第11题:D;第12题:B;第13题:C;第14题:D;第15题:A;第16题:C;第17题:B;第18题:A;第19题:A;第20题:C;
试题解析：第1题:
动词辨析题。空格所在句意为“_____卡尔·齐默在《科学时代》杂志上所描述的果蝇实验"。根据句意，这个实验应该是已经发生了的，因此不可能是A选项Suppose（设想）或D选项Imagine（想象）这个实验，也不能是C选项Observe（观察）一个已经发生的实验，故只能选B选项Consider（考虑），此处的意思是思考一下所做的实验，符合题意。强干扰项排除：A选项Suppose（设想）和D选项Imagine（想象）一般用于将来的时态。空格所在句表示该实验已经做过，因此时态上相矛盾，故排除。
动词辨析题，空格所在句意为“那些被训练得智商高于平均水平的果蝇寿命较短”。显然该句是对前文提到的果蝇实验结果的说明，实验结果一般是具有共性或规律性的现象，tend to do sth.表达一种趋向性，符合题意，故A选项正确。强干扰项排除：C选项happened（to do）：偶然，碰巧。一个实验表明的不应为个案，因此不应该为碰巧寿命短。故排除C选项。强干扰项排除：C选项happened（to do）：偶然，碰巧。一个实验表明的不应为个案，因此不应该为碰巧寿命短。故排除C选项。
形容词辨析题。空格所在句中This指代上文提到的智商高于平均水平的果蝇往往寿命较短这个现象，此处为一个类比，shorter对应longer，空格所填词应该对应smarter，又由后面提到的not being too bright 可知，dimmer（较暗淡的）符合文意，故选项D正确。强干扰项排除：B选项stabler：更稳定的。这里并没有讨论灯泡的稳定性问题，而且灯泡的稳定与其耐用程度无关，故排除。
名词辨析题。由题3可知，暗的灯泡持续照明的时间较长，因此空格所在句的意思是灯泡不太亮有优势。B选项advantage（优势）符合文意，故选B。强干扰项排除：D选项priority：优先权。一般指做事的优先次序，且后面常接介词over而不是in，故排除。
逻辑关系题。空格所在部分为插入语，正常语序为It _____ intelligence is a high-priced option.观察四个选项，只有turns out符合语法要求。从文意上讲，该句位于句首，起到承上启下的作用，turns out代入原文，句意为“结果证明高智商是一个高代价的选择”，也体现出对第一段内容的总结，故选项C正确。强干扰项排除：B选项sums up：总结，概括。代入原文，意为“概括起来，高智商是一个高代价的选择”，貌似也能说通，但是it sums up后面一般不接从句。表示“总体来讲”时，常见用法为"to sum up"，故排除B。
固定搭配。结合选项，空格所在句要表达的意思为：聪明需要高额的维护成本，消耗更多的燃料，而且起步缓慢。slow off the starting line中off表示“离开”，即从起跑线出发时就比较慢，符合文意，故选项A正确。
形容词辨析题。空格所在句意为“因为它依赖于学习——一个_____的过程，而非本能"。两个破折号之间的内容起到解释说明的作用，该空格所在部分旨在解释说明学习是一个什么样的过程。由上文可知，智商是高代价的选择，学习不是一蹴而就的，因此只有D选项gradual（逐渐的）符合题意。强干扰项排除：B选项spontaneous：自发的。由空格后的"instead of instinct"可知，前后应构成对比关系，“自发的”和instinct（本能的）同义，显然逻辑上不合语意，故排除。
动词辨析题。由前文可知，作者想要表达的观点是太过聪明并非好事，适可而止才最好，观察四个选项，只有stop（停止）符合文意，故选项C为正确答案。强干扰项排除：D选项think：思考。这里讲的学习特性是与人类能力所不同的地方，“何时思考”显然是人类已经具备的能力，而且思考一般用于指人，故排除。
形容词辨析题。由题8可知，在所有要学习的事物中，人们最需要学的莫过于懂得适时停止学习。因此，智商是有限度的。结合选项，只有B选项limited（有限的）符合题意，故为正确答案。强干扰项排除：C选项indefinite：不确定的，无限的。根据上文，人们应学会适时而止，这里强调的恰恰是智商的有限性，而非无限性，故排除。
副词辨析题。cast a wistful glance at表示“向……授以悲悯的眼光”，由空格后的all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise（那些在智商方面被我们远远抛在后面的物种）可知，既然是抛在后面的物种，那么只有“向后看”符合文意。故D选项backward为正确答案。强干扰项排除：C选项afterward：后来。一般指时间上的先后，故排除。
名词辨析题。上文以果蝇的实验说明智商是个高代价的选择。该空格所在句进一步引中出此项研究的目的，即这个高代价是什么。故D选项costs（代价，成本）符合文意。强干扰项排除：B选项influences：影响。影响可以指好的影响，也可以指坏的影响。全文都在强调高智商需要付出一定的代价，作者对高智商持负面态度，而influence一词不能体现出这种负面态度，故排除。
空格所在句意为“这是我们所见的每个动物都在_____的问题”。这个问题指的就是“高智商真正的代价是什么”。上文提到其他物种知道适时停止学习，即它们一直在思考智商需要付出的代价，on the mind为固定搭配，意为“在思考”，符合文意，故选项B正确。
动词辨析题。空格所在句意为“对动物智商的研究也使我们不禁去想，如果动物有机会的话，它们将会对人类_____什么实验呢？"能和experiment搭配表示“做实验”的动词只能是perform，故选项C正确。强干扰项排除：B选项carry：携带，搬运。如果表示开展实验，应为carry out experiments故排除。D选项apply：申请，应用。apply experiments on human（将实验应用到人类身上）强调的是将已有的实验用到人身上，而此处要表达的意思是动物在人类身上做实验，这些实验是以前没做过的，因此apply不合文意，故排除。
逻辑关系题。前一句说动物对人类做实验，该句提到了猫在做研究，显然是一个例子，因此D选项for instance（例如）为正确答案。
逻辑关系题。由空格所在句中的ran和would可知，该句用到了虚拟语气。结合选项可判断，空格考查的是if条件句的虚拟语气，代入原文，句意为“我们相信，如果动物可以经营实验室的话，它们会通过测试以_____我们在耐力、忠诚度以及方位记忆能力方面的极限。”故选项A正确。
动词辨析题。由后一句They would try to decide..可知，这两句是并列关系，都是对动物做实验的假设，因此空格所填词应与decide近义。四个选项中，只有determine（决定，确定）符合题意，故C选项正确。强干扰项排除：D选项reach：达到。动物做实验的目的就是为了了解人类，其前提假设是对人类的极限不确定，因此“确定”一词最为准确，“达到极限”与题意不符，故排除。
由空格后的not merely how much of it there is可知，前后文为转折关系。即“它们不仅仅要确定人类智商的高低，而且要弄明白人类智商究竟为何而存在"。for表示原因，符合文意，故选项B正确。
逻辑关系题。上文提到动物会尝试着确定人类的智商究竟为何而存在，该句显然与上一句并列，而且由上文they would..determine，they would...decide和该句的they would hope可知，该句与前两句应是顺承关系。观察四个选项，只有Above all（最重要的是）表示递进，符合题意，故选项A正确。
形容词辨析题。该空格修饰question，表明question的特性。结合题18可知，这个问题是动物做实验最想弄明白的问题。观察四个选项，只有fundamental（根本的）符合文意，故选项A正确。强干扰项排除：B选项comprehensive：综合的，广泛的。由上文的Above all（首要的，最重要的）可知，最重要的问题一定是本质性的问题，而不是广泛的问题，故排除B选项。
前一句提出了一个问题，该句是对问题的回答。结合选项：By accident（偶然），In time（及时），So far（目前为止）、Better still（更好的是），只有So far与上下文逻辑关系最为吻合，代入原文，意思为“而目前为止，结果是不确定的”。故选项C正确。
