考研201英语（一）模拟题及详解

本文提供考研201英语（一）模拟题及详解，以下为具体内容

1、The Earth’s daily clock, measured in a single revolution, is twenty-four hours. The human clock, 1, is actually about twenty-five hours. That’s 2 scientists who study sleep have determined from human subjects who live for several weeks in observation chambers with no 3 of day or night. Sleep researchers have 4 other surprising discoveries as well.We spend about one-third of our lives asleep, a fact that suggests sleeping. 5 eating and breathing, is fundamental life process. Yet some people almost never sleep, getting by on as 6 as fifteen minutes a day. And more than seventy years of 7 into sleep deprivation, in which people have been kept 8 for three to ten days, has yielded only one certain findings: Sleep loss makes a person sleepy and that’s about all; it causes no lasting ill 9. Too much sleep, however, may be 10 for you.These findings 11 some long-held views of sleep, and they raise questions about its fundamental purpose in our lives. In 12, scientists don’t know just why sleep is necessary.“We get sleepy, and when we sleep, that sleepiness is reversed,” Dr. Howard Roffwarg of the University of Texas in Dallas explains. “We know sleep has a function, 13 we feel it has a function. We can’t put our finger on it, but it must, 14 in some way, direct or indirect, have to do with rest and restitution.”Other scientists think sleep is more the result of evolutionary habit than 15 actual need. Animals sleep for some parts of the day perhaps because it is the 16 thing for them to do: it keeps them 17 and hidden from predators; it’s a survival tactic. Before the advent of electricity, humans had to spend at least some of each day in 18 and had little reason to question the reason or need for 19 But the development of the electroencephalograph and the resulting discovery in 1937 of dramatic 20 in brain activity between sleep and wakefulness opened the way for scientific inquiry in the subject.

问题1

A、however

B、furthermore

C、likewise

D、therefore

问题2

A、the

B、what

C、because

D、many

问题3

A、idea

B、feeling

C、sense

D、judgment

问题4

A、come up against

B、come down to

C、come up with

D、come up to

问题5

A、with

B、like

C、unlike

D、as

问题6

A、little

B、much

C、few

D、long

问题7

A、probe

B、investigation

C、research

D、examination

问题8

A、asleep

B、sleepy

C、active

D、awake

问题9

A、effects

B、affections

C、affects

D、impacts

问题10

A、useful

B、good

C、bad

D、harmful

问题11

A、challenge

B、deny

C、doubt

D、dispute

问题12

A、addition

B、fact

C、line

D、short

问题13

A、if

B、because

C、like

D、provided

问题14

A、at least

B、at most

C、at best

D、at worst

问题15

A、from

B、an

C、the

D、of

问题16

A、worst

B、best

C、only

D、natural

问题17

A、comfortable

B、calm

C、quiet

D、excited

问题18

A、coldness

B、warmth

C、darkness

D、shade

问题19

A、sleep

B、work

C、food

D、clothes

问题20

A、differences

B、similarities

C、resemblance

D、opposites

2、Will a robot snatch away your job? Or will you learn to love intelligent machines as co¬workers? In today’s quickly evolving workplace a little of either may be true.Robots were once seen as workers that would free humans from the “three D” jobs: dull, dirty, and dangerous. Unskilled laborers would have their jobs handed to machines that never needed to take a day off, a vacation, or even a coffee break.That’s still a concern. But humans have also proved resilient, possessing a wide array of fine motor skills that have proved difficult to reproduce in machines. While robots might operate using one sensor, perhaps a kind of vision, humans can tap five senses to assess a situation, as well as a complex set of memories and experiences. When robots can catch up is anyone’s guess.Still, more and more robots are scurrying around places like gigantic Amazon distribution centers, where they deliver packages to channels matched to the right delivery ZIP code. Their paths as they roll about the warehouse floor are based on complex algorithms that maximize efficiency. But for now, humans are still needed to pack the actual boxes, which might contain several items of different sizes, shapes, weights, and fragility. That’s a packing choice that still stumps a robot, but is easily handled by a human.As artificial intelligence advances, robots will move into higher-skilled jobs that seem especially human. This spring, for example, minor league baseball is experimenting with a “robo-umpire” called TrackMan that calls balls and strikes behind home plate. No more fans yelling at a human ump “Get a pair of glasses!” Journalists have fancied themselves pretty safe from robo-job stealing. But RADAR, a robot news writer in Britain, researches and writes stories based on templates created by humans, producing about 8,000 local news stories a month. Humans are still needed to double-check the work, just as editors do with human journalists today.Observers worry that the historically low 3.6% jobless rate in the United States is temporarily masking this robot revolution shocking the workplace. In April, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development estimated 14% of the jobs in its 36 member nations are at “high risk” of being eliminated by automation, while another 32% will undergo major changes in how they are done. Millions of workers young and old will need to learn new skills to keep their jobs or qualify for new ones. How to prepare to work alongside robots and other manifestations of artificial intelligence is a challenge that individuals, educators, employers, and governments are going to be facing at an ever-quickening pace.

1.What does the author mean by saying “That’s still a concern” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)?2.What can we learn from Paragraph 4?3.The author quotes the example of TrackMan and RADAR to show that_____.4.The author’s attitude towards working together with robots is_____.5.Which of the following is the text mainly about?

问题1

A、It is uncertain whether robots will snatch away human’s works.

B、Robots were able to replace human in the nontechnical jobs.

C、Fine operating skills possessed by humans were irreproducible.

D、Intelligent machines would work together with humans.

问题2

A、Robots still need the help of human in some jobs.

B、Humans still play a dominant role in the workplace.

C、There is no difficulty for robots to work independently.

D、Robots can take the place of human in the future.

问题3

A、humans should learn new skills to avoid being replaced

B、artificial intelligence has experienced rapid development

C、robots will engage in those jobs requiring advanced skills

D、it is possible for humans to face the threat of losing jobs soon

问题4

A、appreciative

B、ambiguous

C、concerned

D、objective

问题5

A、The development of artificial intelligence.

B、The impact of robot revolution on human’s jobs.

C、The challenges faced by humans in the workplace.

D、What kinds of jobs robots will do in the future.

3、A Downing Street review into modern employment is to call on the government to improve the quality of work for millions of people earning the minimum wage after it found too many are stuck with few prospects and falling job satisfaction.A 10-month review commissioned by the prime minister has identified a productivity crisis among the lowest paid workers, particularly in sectors such as retail, care work and hospitality, and will urge the government to give the low Pay Commission a new role to boost job satisfaction.Matthew Taylor, a former adviser to Tony Blair, is expected to say next week that the government needs to widen the focus of its industrial strategy to tackle falling productivity among the low paid—not least because many work in the public sector—as well as its current priority of high value, high tech export industries. Taylor’s report is expected to say “the ambition we should have is that all work is fair and decent and with scope for fulfillment and development”.The low Pay Commission sets the national living wage. There are predictions that 15% of the British workforce will be earning up to or at that level by 2020, up from 2% in 2000. In three years a quarter of workers in wholesale, retail, agriculture and fishing will be earning at the wage floor, according to the Resolution Foundation.The review was ordered by Theresa May following revelations about low pay and the lack of basic employment rights endured by many workers in sectors including parcel delivery, minicab driving and warehouse work.The Guardian exposed poor pay and conditions for workers in gig economy companies including courier firm Hermes and how Sports Direct in effect paid agency workers at its Shirebrook warehouse in Derbyshire less than the minimum wage.In her first speech as prime minister, May addressed people who “have a job, but... don’t always have job security”, those who are “just managing” and said: “The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.”The Taylor review is seen as one of her most concrete attempts to deliver on that. It is expected to suggest the government develop a set of measures to assess the quality of low paid work across different sectors, taking into account issues such as access to training and job satisfaction.Research in April for the RSA, of which Taylor is chief executive, found three out of four people think more should be done to improve the quality of work. It said 13.5 million people are living in poverty in Britain and 55% are in working households.

1.What does not contribute to the call for improvement according to Paragraph 1?2.Downing Street review is so called because it is____. 3.According to the text, who are not the subjects covered in the review?4.In which walk of life is gig economy pervasive according to the text?5.Which of the following maybe the best title for the text?

问题1

A、Low job satisfaction.

B、Poor payment for work.

C、Modern job market.

D、Bleak future for work.

问题2

A、carried out in Downing Street

B、commanded by British Prime Minister

C、conducted by chief executive of RSA

D、a lengthy research like Downing Street

问题3

A、The low-paid employees.

B、The minimum-wage earners.

C、The people in poverty.

D、The rich royal family.

问题4

A、In non-government organizations.

B、In government departments.

C、In express companies.

D、In business companies.

问题5

A、Low-paid Workers Need Better Prospects, May Told

B、Government Need to Take Immediate Actions

C、Low Pay Commission Tries to Call for Improvement

D、All Work Is Fair and Decent, Matthew Taylor Said

4、A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a Global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in today’s Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the network’s underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.

1.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the Singapore event intended to____.2.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that___.3.The word “counteract”(Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to___.4.Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?5.What would be the best title for the text?

问题1

A、complete three data centers

B、put an end to Internet fraud

C、launch the Global system Secure DNS

D、connect domain names to Web addresses

问题2

A、the Secure DNS has protected lots of companies from data thefts

B、experts see Secure DNS as a promising technology

C、companies like Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisis

D、communicating via the Internet makes people more confident

问题3

A、eliminate

B、hide

C、assess

D、substitute

问题4

A、Secure DNS will be completed soon.

B、Internet engineers prefer to wait and see how things go.

C、Domains of more countries will be included in Secure DNS.

D、More countries are supposed to invest in Secure DNS.

问题5

A、The Network Security Condition Is Worrying

B、Secure DNS Has Grown Mature Nowadays

C、Secure DNS Will Become a Popular technology

D、A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way

5、Picture-taking is a technique which can both reflect the objective world and express the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture¬taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs? like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.

1.The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the___.2.According to paragraph 2, the interest among photographers in each of the photography’s two ideals can be described as___3.The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT___4.The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton to provide an example of___5.The author is primarily concerned with___

问题1

A、degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer.

B、emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product.

C、way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

D、extent of the power that each requires of the photographer’s equipment.

问题2

A、steadily growing.

B、cyclically recurring.

C、continuously altering.

D、spontaneously occurring.

问题3

A、They can display a cropped reality.

B、They can change the viewer’s sensibilities.

C、They can depict the photographer’s temperament.

D、They can convey information.

问题4

A、the relationship between photographic originality and Technology.

B、how cameras have changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.

C、the popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth century.

D、how a controlled ambivalence toward photography’s means can produce outstanding pictures.

问题5

A、establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography.

B、describing how photographers’ individual temperaments are reflected in their work.

C、analyzing the effects of photographic ideals on picture-taking.

D、explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers’ work.

1、试题答案：第1题:A;第2题:B;第3题:C;第4题:C;第5题:B;第6题:A;第7题:C;第8题:D;第9题:A;第10题:C;第11题:A;第12题:B;第13题:B;第14题:A;第15题:D;第16题:B;第17题:C;第18题:C;第19题:A;第20题:A;

试题解析：

1.A
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系，根据上下文的意思以及提示词actually，以判断出本句与上句是转折关系。所以，正确答案是A。
2.B
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系。句子的谓语是is，空格处缺的必然是一个连词或关系词。what是关系代词，在从句中作宾语；because是连词，表示原因。根据前后句的逻辑关系，正确选项是B。在本句中，what引导的这个表语从句比较复杂。who study sleep是定语从句，修饰主语scientists ；定语从句who live for several weeks...day or night 修饰先行词 human subjects。
3.C
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。四个选项中可以和with no of搭配的只有idea和sense。idea意为“念头，想法，主意”；sense意为“由刺激产生的感觉或知觉”。根据上下文，符合句意的是C。句意是：“接受试验的人在观察室里住几个星期，感觉不到白天和黑夜。”
4.C
【解析】本题考查短语辨析。come up against意为“突然或意外碰到困难或反对等”；come down to意为“归结为”；come up with意为“提出，拿出，发现”；come up to意为“比得上，达到”。C符合句意，故为正确答案。句意是：“睡眠研究者们还提出了其他令人惊讶的发现。”
5.B
【解析】本题考查介词用法。空格处的介词体现的是sleeping和eating and breathing的关系。从上下文得知“睡眠是最重要的生命过程”。根据我们的常识，吃饭、呼吸和睡眠一样重要。
6.A
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。根据前文的提示almost never sleep.我们可直接选出正确答案A。句意是：然而一些人几乎从来不睡觉，一天只睡15分钟就可以了
7.C
【的析】本题考查近义词辨析。四个选项都可以和into搭配，都含“调查，研究，探索”的意思。probe是新闻用语，指广泛而彻底的调查；investigation指详尽的调查；以弄清事实真相；research指科学家为了发现新的事实从原始资料开始进行的调查或研究；examination强调详细观察或检验某事以求了解其真实情况。据此C符合句意。
8.D
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。根据上文sleep deprivation和下文sleep loss的提示，可知正确答案为D。
9.A
【解析】本题考查习惯搭配。空格所在句的意思是：“在七十多年对睡眠丧失的研究中，让人们不睡觉，时间是从三天到十天，得出了一个肯定的结果：睡眠损失让人犯困，仅此而已；没有长期的副作用或负面影响。”ill effects是习惯搭配，意为“副作用，负面影响”。
10.C
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。根据上下文和常识，可以首先排除useful和good，bad后面跟名词或代词时，常见的搭配是to be bad for sb./sth. ；harmful后面跟名词或代词时，常见的搭配是to be harmful to sb./sth.。所以，正确答案是C。
11.A
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。challenge意为“质询（某人某事的合法性、正确性）”；deny意为“否认；否定；拒绝相信”；doubt意为“怀疑，拿不准”；dispute意为“争论，辩论；驳斥”。根据上下文的意思.正确答案是A。
12.B
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系。in与四个选项都可构成短语。in addition意为“又，另外”，表示递进；in fact意为“事实是，事实上”，表示转折；in line意为“成一直线，成一排”；in short意为“总之”，表示总结。根据上下文的意思，正确答案是B。
13.B
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系。此处要求弄清“我们知道睡眠的职能”和“我们感觉到了睡眠的作用”的逻辑关系。根据上下文的意思，正确答案是B。
14.A
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。at least意为“至少”；at most意为“最多”；at best意为“充其量，至多”；at worst 意为“在最坏/最不利的情况下”。根据常识和上下文，我们知道睡眠和休息复原是有关系的。所以，首先排除 B和C。这里讨论的是睡眠与休息复原的关系，不存在什么最坏最好情况的假设，所以D也排除。正确答案是A。句意是：“虽然我们不能准确地指出睡眠的功用，但它肯定至少在某些方面，与休息和复原有者直接或间接的关系。”
15.D
【解析】本题考查逻辑关系。than前后的结构必然是平行对称的。所以可以很容易地补全了空格前省略掉的词，即：the result，当然也很容易地选出正确答案D。句意是：“其他一些科学家认为，与其说睡眠是进化习惯的结果，倒不如说是实际需要的结果。”
16.B
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。根据下文“睡觉使它们__，躲开食肉动物”，我们可选出正确答案B。相关部分的意思是：“动物在一天中的某些时候睡觉，可能是因为睡觉对于它们来说是最好的事，……”
17.C
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。首先可以排除excited（兴奋的），因为根据上下文和常识.睡眠不可能使动物兴奋、激动。根据下文提示hidden from predators（躲开食肉动物），it’s a survival tactic（这是一条生存策略），可以推断正确答案是C。
18.C
【解析】本题考查上下文推理，根据上文“在发明电以前”和常识.可以直接选出正确答案C。相关部分的意思是：“在发明电以前，人们至少在每天的某些时候不得不生活在黑暗中。”
19.A
【解析】本题考查上下文推理句意是：“在发现电以前，人们至少在每天的某些时候不得不生活在黑暗中，所以人们没什么理由去质疑__的原因和需要。”根据上下文和常识，四个选项中最符合句意的是A。
20.A
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。句意是：“但是，脑电图仪的发展，以及人们1937的发现——大脑活动在睡眠状态和清醒状态下存在着巨大的__，——为睡眠这一课题的科学研究开辟了道路。”根据上下文，四个选项中最符合句意的是A。

2、试题答案：第1题:B;第2题:A;第3题:C;第4题:C;第5题:B;

试题解析：

1.B
【解析】题目问的是作者提到的“这仍然是（人类）关心的问题”（第三段，第一行）是什么意思。that一般用于承接上文，指代上文内容，故可定位至前文第二段。第二段第一句指出机器人曾被视为可以使人类摆脱枯燥、肮脏和危险这三类工作的劳动者，第二句指出非技术性的工作可以交给不需要休息的机器人。选项B“机器人能够替代人类从事非技术性工作”符合第二段的意思，且replace human in...jobs是原文free human from...job的同义替换，nontechnical是原文unskilled的同义替换，故为正确答案。
2.A
【解析】本题问的是我们可以从第四段中得知什么。根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段，该段第一句指出越来越多的机器人在大型配送中心忙碌，运送包裹；第三句指出，但如今，由于物品的大小、形状、重量和易碎性，仍然需要人类来打包实体箱子；最后一句指出，这种选择包装仍然是机器难以解决的，但人类处理起来却很容易。由此可见，有些性质的工作机器人不能独立完成，仍需要人类的帮助。选项A“在一些工作中机器人仍然需要人类的帮助”符合第四段第三句和第四句的表述，故为正确答案。
3.C
【解析】题目问的是作者引用TrackMan和RADAR的例子旨在说明什么。根据题干的关键词TrackMan和RADAR可定位到文章第五段。本段首句指出，随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。接下来列举了美国职业棒球小联盟正在试验的机器人裁判TrackMan和英国机器人新闻作家RADAR的例子，说明机器人已开始从事一些人类专属的高技能工作。因此TrackMan和RADAR这两个例子是对首句观点“随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会从事那些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作”的例证，故答案为选项C“机器人将会从事那些需要高级技能的工作”。
4.C
【解析】题目问的是作者关于与机器人一起工作的态度是怎样的。根据题干关键词 working together with robots可定位至文章最后一段最后一句。该句提到，如何应对与机器人和其他人工智能产物一起工作的问题，是个人、教育工作者、雇主和政府很快将面临的挑战。由此可见，作者对于未来与机器人和人工智能产物一起工作是关心的、担忧的，故选项C concerned（关心的；担忧的）为正确答案。
5.B
【解析】题目问的是本文主要讨论了哪些内容。由题干关键信息the text mainly about可知，本题为主旨要义题，考查对整篇文章主旨大意的理解和概括。文章第一段引出话题，在未来职场中，机器人可能替代人类的工作或成为人类的同事与人类一起工作；第二段指出，机器人曾被认为可以替代人类做一些非技术性的工作，且不需要休息的机器；第三段到第四段指出，对于一些精细的操作技能，机器人暂时还无法复制，无法赶上人类；第五段列举了新试验的机器人裁判和英国机器人新闻作家，说明随着人工智能的发展，机器人会从事一些看起来是人类专属的高技能工作。第六段指出如何应对与机器人和其他形式的人工智能一起工作，是我们即将面临的挑战。由此可见，本文主要讨论了机器人等人工智能的发展对人类工作的影响，选项B为正确答案。

3、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:D;第4题:C;第5题:A;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】题目问的是，根据第一段内容，哪项对促成改善（工作质量）的呼吁没有帮助。第一段指出，唐宁街对现代就业状况的一份评估报告呼吁政府提高数百万最低工资领取者的工作质量，此前该报告发现，有太多的人前途渺茫，工作满意度不断下降。C项“现代就业市场”在原文中没有提到，是正确答案。
2.B
【解析】题目问之所以叫唐宁街评估，是因为它_。第二段第一句指出，英国首相委托进行的一项为期10个月的评估发现，薪资最低的员工中存在生产率危机。第五段指出，特蕾莎•梅下令进行此次评估。因此，B项“由英国首相指派”符合原文说法，是正确答案。
3.D
【解析】题目问根据文章内容，下面哪些人不是调查评估对象。根据文章各段内容，我们发现调查评估对象包括零售、农业和渔业领域、包裹递送、微型出租车和仓库工作的工人，以及领取最低工资的人等。所以正确答案应该是D项“富有的皇室贵族”。
4.C
【解析】题目问根据文章内容，下面哪个行业零工经济非常盛行。根据关键词gig economy定位到第六段，……零工经济公司……员工的低工资……以及动向体育公司（英国最大的体育零售商）是如何付给……代理员工实际上低于最低工资的薪酬的。因此零工经济在快递公司中盛行。故C项是正确答案。
5.A
【解析】题目问的是，下面哪个可能是文章最好的标题。文章重点讨论了英国首相特蕾莎•梅要求进行的调查评估报告发现，低收入人群的生产率、工作满意度以及工作条件等均在下降。许多行业包括包裹递送、微型出租车和仓库工作的工人工资低，缺乏基本的就业权利。最后指出政府将制定一套措施，评估不同部门的低薪工作的质量、培训机会和工作满意度等问题，提高低收入人群的生产率和工作质量。所以，A项“梅说，低薪员工需要更好的前景”是文章的最佳标题。

4、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:A;第4题:C;第5题:D;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】根据题干关键词Paragraphs 1 and 2定位至文章第一、二段。文章首段指出，互联网安全专家齐聚新加坡的目的是启动一个新的全球性网络安全系统（start up a Global system）。第二段介绍了此次新加坡会议包含一个创建密码并将其储存在三个数据中心的技术仪式（The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys...），而密码和数据中心都是Secure DNS技术的一部分（The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC），由此可知，首段提到的全球网络安全系统，即第二段中提及的Secure DNS，故选项C与原文内容相符，为答案。
2.B
【解析】根据题干关键词Paragraph 4可定位至文章第四段。该段首句提到，在近来各种网络破坏事件频繁发生的情况下，许多电脑安全专家都将这一技术视为一线希望（The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope），“这一技术”便是指文中第二段提到的Secure DNS。接着本段第二句指出Secure DNS这项技术的功用：它可以确保在网上交流或交易的人或组织的身份不存在虚假和伪造的情况（...high confidence that the identity...is not being tricked or forged）。选项B“专家将 Secure DNS视为一项有希望的技术”符合文意，故为答案。
3.A
【解析】counteract一词位于第五段首句。该句主干部分意为“网络工程师们想要_互联网目前存在的三个主要缺陷”，之后的第二句具体指出了这三个缺陷。从语意上看，此处应是指出工程师们的意愿，即建立网络安全系统的目的，那么工程师研发安全系统的目的应该在于“消除”这些缺陷。所以counteract应该意为“抵制；消除”，选项A eliminate（消除；消灭）与其含义最为接近，为正确选项。
4.C
【解析】根据题干关键词the last paragraph定位至最后一段。该段第二、三句介绍了Secure DNS技术的使用和推广情况。第二句指出，在新加坡会议之前已经有70个国家采用了Secure DNS 技术（70 countries had adopted the technology），此次会议上又有14个国家加入进来（14 more were added as part of the event）。接着第三句指出“大国普遍在进行将其域名加入该系统的技术工作，而互联网安全专家小组正在帮助较小的国家和机构进行这项工作”，由此可以判断，更多国家的域名将会被加入到Secure DNS系统中来。选项C表述的内容与原文吻合，故为正确选项。
5.D
【解析】本题要求选择文章的最佳标题，故需对各段大意进行总结概括。本文开宗明义，直入主题：互联网安全专家启动了一个全球性的互联网安全系统，以确保电子邮件和电子商务更为安全，避免密码数量不断增加，极大地阻止互联网欺诈、间谍活动和捣乱分子。第二、三段对这个新的安全系统——Secure DNS的技术细节进行了说明。第四至六段说明了Secure DNS系统要解决的问题、现有网络的缺陷以及造成这些缺陷的原因。末段介绍了Secure DNS系统的使用状况。综上所述，全文讨论的中心是“新的全球网络安全系统Secure DNS”，从其技术细节、功能作用以及使用状况等方面展开，故四个选项中，最切合文意的是选项D。

5、试题答案：第1题:C;第2题:B;第3题:B;第4题:A;第5题:C;

试题解析：

1.C
【解析】本题答案信息来源在第一段的尾句，其大意是：关于摄影有两个直接对立的观念：第一种观念认为，摄影是反映世界的，而摄影师只是一个无足轻重的观察者；但第二种观念则主张，摄影是一种探究主观世界的无畏的工具，摄影师决定一切。由此可见，两种观念的主要区别就在于对摄影师所起作用的定义不同。故选C。
2.B
【解析】本题是一道细节理解题。其答案信息来源于第2段最后一句，大意为：摄影者所做的事不能简单地定性为掠夺式的，也不能简单地定义为实质上是友好的行善行为。因此，有关照相的这一观念或者那一观念总是被重新发现并得到支持。言外之意，摄影师有时对一种观念感兴趣，有时又对另一种观念感兴趣，即这种兴趣是周期性反复出现的。
3.B
【解析】本题是一道细节辨认题。A项在第1段第2句中已经谈到：Photographs depict objective realities that already exist…C项在第1段第3句中已经写到：And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament…D项在第3段第3句中也已提及：The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness…只有B项文中没有提及，故应该选B。
4.A
【解析】本题是一道逻辑结构题。其答案信息来源在第3段第3句，其大意为：随着照相机威力的不断增大已有可能拍出许多信息非凡的、富有想象力的外观漂亮的照片，如Harold Edgerton所拍摄的关于子弹击中目标或网球抽打时产生漩涡的快速照片。由此我们可以得出作者提到Harold Edgerton的作品是为了提供一个摄影艺术的独创性和技术发展之间关系的例子。故应选A。
5.C
【解析】本文第1段提出对摄影术的两种不同观念。第2段分别阐述了这两种观念的由来及摄影师对这两种观念中任何一种的兴趣是反复交替的。第3段指出，这两种观念共存的结果是经常发生对摄影手段的不同看法。最后一段指出，这种对摄影手段的矛盾心理决定审美品位的发展趋向，综上所述，本文作者主要分析了两种摄影观念对摄影术的影响。故应选C。