1.定义
目的状语从句(adverbial clause of purpose),属于状语从句中的一种,从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句,目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, will, would等情态动词。
2.分类
目的状语从句的引导词主要有:
① in order that,表示“为了;以便”,常用于正式文体,引导的状语从句可位于主句之前或之后。
例如:You must speak louder in order that you can be heard by all.
你说话声音必须大一点,以便大家都能听到。
In order that we can start at seven, we all get up early.
我们都早点起床,以便我们可以七点钟出发。。
② so that表示“为了,以便”,位于主句之后,其中that有时可以省略。
例如:He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
他斜移了椅子,以便坐着观察她。
Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you.
大声说,以便大家都能听到你。
² so that也可以引导结果状语从句,此时后面的从句不存在情态动词。
③ in case (that)/lest/for fear that表示“以防”,
例如:He was worried for fear(that)the child might hurt himself.
他担心孩子会伤害他自己。
He jotted down his clients’ address lest he should forget it.
他快速记下了客户的地址,以免忘记。
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case (that) we misunderstood him.
这位外籍教师讲得很慢,以防我们误解他的意思。
3.例题
(As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start), dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory on to the test answer sheets {so that you will not have to worry about [whether you will remember the codes long enough (until you get to the appropriate test question.)]}
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
主句:dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory on to the test answer sheets
【译文】把你记忆中的公式、代码、大纲全都写在答题纸上
分句一:As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start
类型:时间状语从句;引导词:as soon as
【译文】老师一给你信号就开始
分句二:so that you will not have to worry about ...
类型:目的状语从句;引导词:so that
分句三:whether you will remember the codes long enough …
类型:宾语从句;引导词:whether
分句四:until you get to the appropriate test question.
类型:时间状语从句;引导词:until
【译文】直到你碰到对应的问题。
【全句译文】:当老师示意你开始的时候,把你记忆中的公式、规则、要点都写在答题纸上,这样你就不用担心你是否记住了足够长的规则,直到你遇到合适的问题。