1.定义
原因状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Cause),属于状语从句中的一种。指在句中用来说明主句原因的从句。
2.分类
让步状语从句的引导词主要有:
① because/since/as
² because引导原因状语从句表达一种充分理由,因果关系明显,语气较重,可回答why引导的问句。
例如:We went by bus because it was cheaper.
我们乘公交汽车去,因为这样便宜一些。
注意:汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将so与because连用。
² since引导原因状语从句指已知的很显然的原因,通常被翻译成“既然”,语气比because弱,较为正式,不能用来回答why引导的问句。
例如:Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.
你既然不信任他,你就不该雇用他。
² as,表示双方都知道的原因,语气比since弱,较为正式,常放于主句之前。
例如:As you are tired, you had better rest.
既然累了, 你最好休息一下。
② in that表示“因为,既然”,和because, since同义,从句和主句在逻辑上是直接的因果关系。从句可置于句首。
例如:I’m in a slightly awkward position in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点尴尬,因为他要到十号才来。
③ 其他引导原因状语的词组还有:now that, seeing that, considering that等。
例如:Now that he hasn’t fully recovered yet, it will not be proper to assign him such a hard job.
既然他的身体还没有完全恢复,指派他干这样的难事不适宜。
Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it,they decided to cancel the trip.
由于没有人有此热情,他们决定取消这次远足。
Considering that Tom is so young, that he cannot lead the project.
考虑到汤姆太年轻,他不能领导这个项目。
3.例题
Moreover, [since they could get no farther (once they had reached the singularity)], this point would mark the end of time itself. (北京师范大学2016年阅读)
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
主句:this point would mark the end of time itself
【译文】该奇点将标志着时间本身的终结
分句一:since they could get no father…
类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since
分句二:once they had reached the singularity
类型:时间状语从句;引导词:once
【译文】一旦他们到达奇点
【全句译文】:此外,由于他们一旦到达奇点就不能再往前走,这一点将标志着时间本身的终结。