考研英语长难句拆分：名词性从句之宾语从句

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾宾语从句语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

二、1.定义

宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。例如：

Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock.

看了看表，他注意到是一点钟。

I was wondering whether I should bring my girlfriend to the gathering.

我在考虑聚会时是否应该带女朋友过去。

I wonder why he deserted his enviable well-paid position.

我不明白他为什么要辞掉那个令人羡慕的高薪职位。

2.类型

(1)动词的宾语从句

A. that引导(that通常可以省略)

He admitted that he had cheated.

他承认他作弊了。

The boy dreamed that he was flying to the outer space.

那个男孩梦见他正在飞往外太空。

B. wh-引导

She did not know what had happened.

她不知道发生了什么。

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

没人知道他是否会通过考试。

(2)介词的宾语从句

Whether he can succeed depends on how well he operates.

他是否能够成功取决于他的操作水平。

He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.

他没有意识到他犯了一个大错。

(3)形容词的宾语从句

We are fully convinced that John was the winner of the speech contest.

我们完全相信约翰是此次演讲比赛的获胜者。

I am afraid that you’ve misunderstood your boss.

我担心你误解了你的老板。

(4)it可以作为形式宾语

We all thought it a pity that the conference has been cancelled.

会议被取消了，大家都觉得遗憾。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

3.例题

But it is useless to try to discourage someone, { [who feels that he must act], (though the chances of his becoming famous are slim ) }.

这是一个主从复合句。

原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：

主句：it is useless to try to discourage someone

【译文】试图去阻止…的年轻人是徒劳的

分句一：who feels that he must act

类型：定语从句;连接词：who

分句二：that he must act

类型：宾语从句;连接词：that

分句三：though the chances of his becoming famous are slim

类型：让步状语从句;连接词：though

【译文】即使成名的机会很渺茫

【全句译文】：试图去阻止那些在成名的机会很渺茫的情况下仍然想要当演员的年轻人是徒劳的。