2022年计算机系统结构考研英语一翻译真题及答案（网友版）

责编：方炳慧 2022-11-29

考试真题是考生备考的重要资料，为方便考生查看，希赛网整理了2022年计算机系统结构（081201）考研英语一翻译真题及答案（网友版），考生可作为参考。

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Part C

The Man Who Broke Napoleon’s Code

Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between newforces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell’s significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office (in Kew, west London) I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection. I realized at once that this was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on. Furthermore, Scovell’s story involved much more than just intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

参考译文

46.甚至是许多熟悉这一时期的人都不知道，这也是一场发生在密码制作者与密码破解者之间的斗争。

47.它列出了许多从驻扎西班牙的法国军队缴获的密码文件，这些文件的秘密由英国总部的一位军官乔治·斯科维尔揭露了出来。

48.他无法仔细分析这位名不见经传的军官对那场国家间的伟大斗争有没有做出贡献，也确实无法告诉我们任何有关此人的更多事情。

49.在拿破仑战争时期，也许存在很多的间谍和情报官员，但通常难以找到他们实际提供或者破译的情报资料。

50.正如破译密码在争夺西班牙的斗争中具有更广泛的意义一样，斯科维尔晋升的尝试也将英国社会形态体现得淋漓尽致。