提到考研英语,各位考生都知道试卷中长难句是避免不了的,而这些长难句分析一直困扰着众多考生。其实,长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现再难,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它都由一些基本的成分组成的,接下来让我们一起来学习2022年考研英语长难句分析吧!
120、It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
断句: It tells the fashion industry // that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure //they must use to determine their individual worth.
顺译: 它还告诉时尚行业。 它必须承担责任 因为信号 它发送给女性,尤其是女青少年,关于社会卷尺。她们一定会用来去决定她们的个人价值。
解析: tell sb sth,所以that it must take responsibility 是宾语从句。for the signa是做原因状语,especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure,做定语修饰signal,只不过省略了从属连词。they must use to determine their individual worth做第关于修饰social tape – measure。
翻译: 还警告时尚产业:对于女性该用什么样的社会标尺来判定自己的个人价值这一问题,时尚产业给女性,尤其是未成年少女,传达了错误的信号,时尚产业必须为此负责。
121、Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
我们先来处理一下句子里的重点词汇以及短语。
1)首先是词汇
leniency, 名词,表“仁慈,宽大”。contribute动词,表“促成,造成;捐献”。fine名词,表“罚金、罚款”;动词,表“对。。。处以罚款”。
2)其次是短语
rule out, 表“排除,拒绝考虑”。CSR: corporate social responsibility,表“企业社会责任”。account for,表“对...有责任/对...做出解释”。 political campaign表“政治活动”。
3)真正理解句子
第一步,寻标志,断长句。可以将标点、连词(从属连词、并列连词)以及短语标志词作为断句标志,依“长度适中,结构完整”这一原则去判断是否可以断句。第一个与第二个逗号处是不可以断的,因为会破坏句中“it was...that...”强调句。冒号处是可以断的。这样断完之后,可能有同学会担心冒号前句子部分依旧长不好理解。这时候,可以考虑使用从属连词进行断句。句子中第一个that引导的从句到leniency结束。此从句开头的位置,即此that前,依据断句原则是可以断句的。而句子中第二个that不能断,因是强调句的一部分。所以,整体来看,断句结果如下:
Their analysis ruled out the possibility// that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:// Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
第二步,除修饰,抓主干。经以上分析,句子成分也比较清楚了。Their analysis ruled out the possibility为句子主干,后面的that引导同位语从句,其中包含“it was + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余部分” 强调句型。冒号之后的内容是对前面信息的补充说明,其中that ...campaigns是定语从句,来修饰前面的名词companies.
第三步,调语序,定句意。
结构1:Their analysis ruled out the possibility
句意:他们的分析排除了这种可能性
结构2:that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency
句意:是公司的政治影响力,而非企业社会责任立场,为宽大处理的原因。
结构3:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
句意:对政治活动投入更多的公司并没有处以更少的罚金
翻译:他们的分析排除了让公司受宽大处理的原因是其政治影响力而非其企业社会责任立场的这种可能性,对政治活动投入更多的公司并没有处以更少的罚金。
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