2021年河北农业大学考博英语真题

2021年河北农业大学考博英语真题

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a summary of the following passage in no more than 80 words; you can either use the sentences from the passage or summarize in your own words. Your summary should contain the main idea of the original passage. （请写出下面文章的英文摘要，可以引用文章句子或自己总结，不超过80个单词）

Weeds, the fast-growing plants that cannot be eaten and do not bring flowers, are a common problem for gardeners. Some use chemicals to kill weeds. Others pull them up by hand or with heavy machinery. Luckily, there are other ways to limit their growth.

At first, for starters, there are mulches which can bury weeds. Mulches are made from organic material, such as leaves, grass cuttings, and small pieces of wood, or inorganic material like plastic. They are spread over the ground in a garden to control weeds. Organic mulches break down over time so you must add more to your garden often. That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition creates nutrients for plants and humus to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.

Plastic mulch is another way to stop weeds. Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring. Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth. A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away. But a major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away. It also adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus. And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.

One kind of mulch that combines some of the qualities of both plastic and organic material is paper. Paper mulch is easy to lay down and eventually decomposes. However, paper adds little to the soil in terms of humus or nutrients.

Then, for larger gardens where the weeds are mainly grasses, a somewhat unusual way to control them is using the birds known as geese. Young geese will eat their weight in weeds every day. A small group of geese can clear weeds in half a hectare of land and keep each other company. All you need to provide is water, protection from the sun, and some additional feed. You also need barriers to keep the geese in and other animals out. One warning, though, do not plant corn or they will eat that, too.

Finally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed growth. For example, close spacing of plants in the garden blocks sunlight from reaching the ground and can limit weed growth. And using a watering method known as drip irrigation will direct small amounts of water to the roots of your plants instead of the weeds. Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth. Lying in soil are millions of weed seeds just waiting to be awakened by light and air.

Using any or all of the methods will not permanently stop weed growth. Instead, your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.

II C-E Translation (25%)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

根据最近的一项科学研究，进行剧烈运动的人和根本不运动的人死亡率同样大。丹麦科学家对1000多名慢跑者和非慢跑者进行了12年的研究。样本组的死亡率表明，每周以中等速度慢跑两到三次，总时间不超过两个半小时的人死亡率最小。慢跑的最佳速度约为每小时5英里。研究表明，每周慢跑三次以上或速度超过每小时7英里的人的死亡率与不慢跑的人相同。科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构性变化。随着时间的推移，这可能会导致严重的伤害。

Part Ⅲ E-C Translation (25%)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from English into Chinese.

For many of us, the relationship we have with sugar is love at first taste, and that love usually lasts a lifetime. But what price do we have to pay for this truly addictive, sugary love? Rotten teeth? Heavier bodies? Raised blood sugar levels? Or even type 2 diabetes? Time to quit perhaps? Easier said than done. What’s the alternative? Many would suggest using sweeteners as a substitute. But are sweeteners healthier than sugar? Sweeteners are usually low-calorie or calorie-free substances that have a similar taste to sugar. It is estimated that more than a quarter of British households buy artificial sweeteners to help cut their sugar intake. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has approved some of the health claims food manufacturers have made about sweeteners. These include preventing tooth decay and controlling blood sugar levels. But many have concerns over the long-term effects caused by using sweeteners. They believe, organizations like EFSA only require studies which test if something will poison a person in a short period of time, otherwise known as acute toxicity studies. But we still don’t know what the long-term effects are.

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