2014年沈阳药科大学考博英语真题

2014年沈阳药科大学考博英语真题

Passage 1

Young adults experience news fatigue from being inundated by facts and updates and have trouble accessing in-depth stories, according to a study to be unveiled at a global media conference. The Context-Based Research Group, an ethnographic research firm, found that the news consumption behavior of younger readers differs profoundly from that of previous generations.

The research project, commissioned by The Associated Press in 2007, analyzed the news consumption patterns of an ethnically diverse group of 18 men and women between the ages of 18 and 34 in six cities in the United States, Britain and India. It ultimately helped AP design a new model for news delivery to meet the needs of young adults, who are driving the shift from traditional media to digital news, said Jim Kennedy, AP’s director of strategic planning. “The real value was that it gave us a lasting model of how news is being consumed in the digital space by young people that we can use to improve our own newsgathering and project development,” Kennedy said.

That includes what the AP calls “1-2-3 filing”, starting with a news alert headline for breaking news, followed by a short present-tense story that is usable on the Web and by broadcasters. The third step is to add details and format stories in ways most appropriate for various news platforms. Editors at the Telegraph in London are following a similar approach and have seen a big jump in traffic at the newspaper’s website. The study said the Telegraph has adopted the mind-set of a broadcast-news operation to quickly build from headlines to short stories to complete multimedia packages online to boost readership. The studie’s purpose was to obtain a deeper and more holistic understanding of the news consumption behavior of younger audiences. The results were scheduled to be presented in a 71-page report to media executives and editors from around the globe at the World Editors Forum in Goteborg, southwestern Sweden.

A key finding was that participants yearned for quality, and in-depth reporting but had difficulty immediately accessing such content because they were bombarded by facts and updates in headlines and snippets of news. The study also found that participants were unable to give full attention to the news because they were almost always simultaneously engaged other activities, such as reading e-mail.

That represents a shift from previous consumption models in which people sat down to watch the evening news or read the morning paper. “Our observations and analysis identified that consumers’ news diets are out of balance due to the over-consumption of facts and headlines,” said Robbie Blinkoff, co-founder and head anthropologist at Baltimore, Maryland-based Context-Based Research Group.

To combat that, the authors recommended that news producers develop easier ways for readers to discover in-depth content and to avoid repetitious updates of breaking news. The research was conducted in six major metropolitan areas around the globe: Houston. Silicon Valley, Philadelphia and Kansas City in the United States; Brighton, Britain; and Hyderabad, India.

1. Young adults are found different from previous generation in ____.

A. reading news

B. looking for news clues

C. analyzing in-depth stories

D. researching film

2. Which of the following statements is true about the research project?

A. The project was taken by the Associated Press in 2007.

B. It aimed to provide a new model for news delivery catering to the youth.

C. There are 52 participants in three countries to be analyzed in the project.

D. The AP relies on the project to open a news platform on the web and by broadcasters.

3. The “1-2-3 filing” approach ____.

A. is actually a three-step method in finding and editing news

B. is considered a big success in reforming news consumption model

C. is adopted by the Telegraph to attracting readers at different ages

D. received a hot discussion from media executives and editors in the world

4. The young audiences refuse to read in-depth reporting because ____.

A. they are fatigued by the large number of facts and updates in headlines and short news

B. they have no interest in watching the evening news or reading the morning paper

C. they are always busy in reading e-mail at the same time when surfing online

D. they are tired of the traditional format of details of news and updates in the paper

5. The suggestions of the authors are the following EXCEPT ____.

A. to develop a news consumption model for young readers

B. to avoid repetitious updates of breaking news

C. to find easy ways for readers

D. to conduct similar researches

Passage 2

The bottom line is that patients who want to make sure their doctor is competent have a lot of work to do. And the work should be done on the front end: experts emphasize that people should find a doctor and establish a relationship while they are in good health, so they don’t have to scramble when they come down with bronchitis or find a suspicious lump.

Studies have found that it is hard to get an appointment at short notice when cold-calling, and that patients with a regular source of care get better care, even when they are uninsured. While some internists have additional training in cardiology or rheumatology, she went on, primary care physicians also have a network of trusted specialists for referrals.

Many women choose a gynecologist as their regular doctor. Dr. Gallin said, but should probably have a relationship with an internist as well. Next, review the list of doctors in your health plan. Consider their location as well as their hospital affiliations. You may want to cross-check your health plan’s list with a top doctors list for your area; these lists (often published in regional magazines like New York and New Jersey Monthly) are usually generated by surveying physicians.

Check with your health plan to see whether it has good information on individual physicians (most don’t, but many are working on it). Good quality measures include National Committee on Quality Assurance accreditation about whether doctors meet criteria for care for specific conditions like back pain or diabetes, and the Healthcare Effectiveness Data Information Set, which focuses on adherence to clinical guidelines, like prescribing a beta blocker after a heart attack. Some health plans also offer networks of high-performing or “honor roll” physicians; ask about the criteria.

If you’re uninsured, you may be able to negotiate with a doctor and agree on a reduced fee, but remember that you will also be responsible for the cost of lab tests, blood work, X-rays, procedures and medications. These costs are more likely to be covered or charged on a sliding scale at a community health center or hospital clinic. (To find a location, see www.hrsa.gov under “Find Help”，or the Families USA Web site, www.familiesusa.org, under “Resources for Consumers”.)

Other factors to consider are whether the doctor has evening and weekend hours, whether the office leaves time open to schedule same-day appointments for urgent care, whether waiting times are reasonable and whether the doctor is in solo practice or a group practice. (Some experts say that group practices tend to be more efficient and that doctors in groups are more likely to stay up to date on current medical practice.) If the doctor uses electronic records, that’s a plus, some experts say.

On the crucial question of whether you are comfortable with the doctor you’ve chosen, you won’t know that until you meet with the doctor. Pediatricians will usually agree to an interview; busy internists often won’t.

6. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?

A. Primary physicians usually have a network of trusted specialists for referrals.

B. Patients often find it a lot easier to get an appointment while they are in good health.

C. The people do not need to establish a relationship while they are in good health.

D. Strategies are needed for getting an appointment with a competent doctor.

7. In addition to a gynecologist, women are supposed to establish a relationship with an internist because ____.

A. every internist has a network of trusted specialists for referrals

B. some internists are only trained in cardiology or rheumatology

C. they have a regular source of care

D. they do not often need to get an appointment with a doctor

8. For the uninsured, experts suggest ____.

A. they be responsible for the cost of lab tests, blood work, procedures and medication

B. they reach some agreement with a doctor for adjusted coverage of costs

C. they go to a community health center or hospital clinic for free medical care

D. they visit the Families USA Web site to locate free health care

9. Experts indicate that if a doctor uses electronic records, ____.

A. the doctor should be a priority choice for patients

B. the doctor must be extremely popular among patients

C. patients should give the doctor extra credits

D. the uninsured may be charged more than the insured

10. Strategies for getting an appointment with a doctor more easily include all EXCEPT ____.

A. establishing a relationship with a doctor who has evening and weekend hours

B. discovering a comfort relationship with a doctor through interviews

C. staying uninsured for reduced charges in community health centers

D. finding a doctor in a group practice that stays up to date on current medical practice

由于文章篇幅有限，2014年沈阳药科大学考博英语真题只能展示至此，考生可以通过文章上方“本文资料”或者文章下方“资料下载”进行下载完整版文档。