中国科学院2022年考博英语真题

PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)

Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. The basic structure of the U.S. Capitol as we know it today ________ over a period of more than 150 years.

A. evolvedB. activatedC. gropedD. fluctuated

2. They much appreciate the work being done by their neighbor, but they are not in a walk of life where they can ________ and wait for better times.

A. look backB. sit backC. take backD. set back

3. The bridge, which stretches two and a half kilometers, ________ above the river at a top height of 343 meters.

A. soarsB. surfsC. strikesD. smashes

4. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships, but in 1790 the nation was ________ a new era of road development.

A. in the event ofB. in wake ofC. on the threshold ofD. on the ground of

5. If a country turned inward and ________ itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.

A. insulatedB. worshipedC. extendedD. innovated

6. It is occasionally necessary to use a number system to ________ the position of each building.

A. appointB. resembleC. designateD. detect

7. Nothing kills your chances faster than your employer ________ you in a lie.

A. knockingB. catchingC. involvingD. cracking

8. The road is more than just a ________ to an end, so I planned to make several trips along the road over a few days.

A. methodB. wayC. pathD. means

9.Our company has ________ its market share each year by selling only quality products.

A. enhancedB. enlightenedC. embracedD. embodied

10. When answering this question, emphasize the work experience that ________ you for the job.

A. suitsB. qualifiesC. motivatesD. guarantees

11.The congressmen have reached a (an) ________ that smoking should be banned within thirty feet from the entrance of a building.

A. consensusB. destinationC. arrangementD. regulation

12. The train, ________ speeding to make up for lost time, seemed to be going more slowly than previously.

A. regardless ofB. along withC. in caseD. instead of

13.He made a (an) ________ effort to look happy, though deep in his heart he was feeling very miserable.

A. collaborativeB. recklessC. consciousD. initial

14. Smartphones can promote efficiency by allowing people to get things done in spare moments that would ________ be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee.

A. otherwiseB. anywayC. alwaysD. therefore

15. Jane Austen’s characters took it for granted that men with money made more ________ mates.

A. diligentB. superiorC. eligibleD. amiable

16. Books that ________ animals, humor and courageous kids never go out of style.

A. reflectB. bearC. featureD. express

17. It took me a very long time to ________ the shock of my friend’s death.

A. get overB. take overC. take downD. get down

18. It is designed only to maintain minimum standards, not to assure an ________ or perfect decision.

A. apparentB. optionalC. optimalD. imminent

19. The government leaders will gather in London in an attempt to ________ coordinated solutions for the two issues they all deem critical.

A. put up withB. get down toC. look up toD. come up with

20. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________，particularly in Western Europe.

A. obscureB. obsoleteC. overlappingD. occasional

PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Exercise can be a time-consuming affair for people who lead busy lives. Some merely use it as an excuse to _21_ their personal fitness responsibilities, but others really do face a dilemma. Successful business executives often do not have much time for _22_ workouts. And whenever they do have the time, they usually don’t feel up to it.

It is a fact of modern life that time equals money. However, time _23_ equals health! It is no use having all the riches in the world _24_ poor health won’t allow us to enjoy it. Our health is a priceless commodity. _25_ how much money we spend on state-of-the-art fitness equipment, expensive nutritional supplements _26_ trendy health club memberships, our personal fitness will always be a long-term _27_ that requires a minimum amount of time and effort.

_28_ research suggests that exercise does not have to take up much of your day. Moderate activities done at _29_ throughout the day can be as beneficial as demanding, serious workouts. Forget the rigid workout schedules. Do whatever you can _30_ you can, as long as you do it on a regular basis. Short bits of exercise can be just as _31_ as long workouts. Traditional recommendations stated that people had to exercise _32_ for at least 30 minutes at least three times a week to obtain health benefits. More _33_ recommendations state that short bouts of activity of at least 10 minutes _34_, several times a day, can be just as effective. Try to _35_ 30 minutes or more a day of moderately strenuous activities on most days of the week. It all adds up in the end!

21.A. shoulderB. dodgeC. satisfyD. divide

22. A. spareB. properC. extremeD. special

23. A. alsoB. reallyC. actuallyD. only

24.A. where B. whileC. ifD. whether

25.A. GivenB. No matterC. WhateverD. Even if

26.A. forB. withC. andD. or

27.A. treatmentB. trend C. developmentD. investment

28.A. FortunatelyB. NaturallyC. StatisticallyD. Ironically

29.A. easeB. intervalsC. lengthD. a distance

30.A. wheneverB. whoeverC. whicheverD. however

31.A. serious B. variousC. demandingD. effective

32.A. intelligentlyB. enthusiasticallyC. continuouslyD. regularly

33.A. professionalB. advisableC. recentD. scientific

34.A. everB. eachC. yetD. once

35.A. accelerateB. accountC. accommodateD. accumulate

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