1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;
2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;
3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。
长难句解析
25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’sexcellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology
the practice of giving premiums to inventors; above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
【词汇】
shaping factor: 形成因素
single out: 挑选出
elementary: adj. 基本的;初级的;[化]元素的
labor force: 劳动力
premium: n. 额外费用;保险费;附加费
above all: 最重要的是
spatial: adj. 空间的;存在于空间的;占大篇幅的
【句式分析】
① 句子主干:I would single out...。
② 分号间隔了三个并列的宾语:the country’s excellent elementary schools; the practice of
giving premiums to inventors; the American genius。
③ 冒号后面的内容为解释说明:a labor force that welcomed the new technology。
【翻译】
在许多形成因素当中,我将挑选出这些:这个优秀的小学教育:欢迎新技术的劳动者们;奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、“空间性的”思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer the inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate in their minds devices that as
yet do not exist”.
【词汇】
point out: 指出
be reduced to: n. 减少;缩小
unambiguous: adj. 不含糊的;清楚的;明白的
deal with: 处理
assemble: v. 集合,收集
manipulate: v. 操作;处理
【句式分析】
① 句子主干:A technologist thinks about objects...The designer the
inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate devices。
② 非限定性定语从句:As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,从句修饰的内容是双引号里面的内容。
③ 定语从句:that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions 修饰先行
词 objects;that as yet do not exist 修饰先行词 devices。
④ 冒号后面的内容为解释说明: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal
process。
【翻译】
正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那样:“一个技术希赛网思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。”
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,
considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
【词汇】
mechanic: n. 技工,机修工
lever: n. 杠杆
screw: n. 螺丝钉;螺旋桨
wedge: n. 楔;楔形物
alphabet:n. 字母表;字母系统
exhibition:n. 表明;陈列,展览
transmit: v. 传递;传输,传送;发射
【句式分析】
① 句子主干:Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down...”。
② 介词短语做定语:like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,补充完整为定语从句是:who islike a poet among the letters of the alphabet。
③ 现在分词作状语:considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts
④ 非限定定语从句:in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea,用来修饰先行词 an exhibition of his thoughts。
【翻译】
罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到:“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中,就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中,把这些字母看成自己思想的展示,在这样的展示中,每种新的次序安排都传达了——种新的思想。”