让步状语从句
1.定义
让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。
二、分类
让步状语从句的引导词主要有:
① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。
² although语气较重,大多位于句首
例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV.
虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。
² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。
例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls.
他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。
② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说”
² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。
例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步)
We made a trip even though the weather was bad.
尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步)
③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……”
² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。
例如:King as he is, he is unhappy.
尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词)
Successful as she is, she is not proud.
尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词)
Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home.
尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词)
④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……”
例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not.
不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。
You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.
不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。
⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首
² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略
例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered.
=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered.
虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。
⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样”
² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词
例如:Whatever you did,I will accept.
= No matter what you did,I will accept.
不管你做了什么,我都接受。
2.考博真题
[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读)
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
主句:you can return them within 30days
【译文】您可以在30天内退货
分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what
【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品
分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer
类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if
【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了
其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。
【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。
[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译)
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.
【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。
分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest…
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while
【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明……
分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that
【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠
分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress
类型:宾语从句;引导词:that
【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步
【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。
[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读)
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
主句:little is known about it
【译文】人们对它知之甚少
分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history
类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although
【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上
分句二:since few rocks are known…
类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since
分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old
类型:定语从句;引导词:that
【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。
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