2011年中国地质大学(北京)考博英语真题(回忆版)

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1、Although there has been a great deal of construction at the university in the last few years, but the campus still feels fairly open and uncluttered.

A、there has been

B、at the university in the last

C、but the

D、feels fairly open and uncluttered

E、没有问题

2、I’m sure you’ll agree that when a person is as ambitious as Li Fei, no one can stop him to achieve his career objectives.

A、 you’ll agree that

B、when a person

C、can

D、to achieve

E、没有问题

Recent reports that bedbugs [臭虫]have infiltrated office buildings, movie theaters and stores in New York did not come as a surprise to Wes Tyler, general manager of a prestigious hotel in downtown San Francisco. “Short of putting a bedbug-sniffing beagle at your door to check every arriving guest before they come in, you’re going to get bedbugs，” he said. “Dealing with them is the cost of doing business these days.”

An employee first discovered a bedbug in the 137-room hotel in 2003, and Mr. Tyler

has since instituted a comprehensive bedbug detection program to find the blood-sucking insects before a guest does. For starters, Mr. Tyler created a position called “bedbug technician”——an employee whose sole job is to go from room to room checking for bedbugs. There is also a bedbug bounty of $10 paid to any employee who finds one. If a bedbug is found, the room and all adjacent room are taken out of service for up to five days while they are steam-cleaned and chemically treated to eliminate the bugs and their eggs. The mattresses in the rooms are also discarded. The total cost for each room is $2,500, including lost bookings. “It sounds like a lot of money, but the value of a good reputation is infinite,” Mr. Tyler said, “Your biggest fear is that someone will get bitten and post something about it on an online travel site, and that’d be a killer.”

Bedbugs used to be solely a residential problem, but they are showing up in commercial settings, and not just in places with beds like hotels, nursing homes and apartment complexes. Increasingly, pest control companies report finding bedbugs in office buildings, movie theaters, clothing stores, food plants, factories and even airplanes. For the affected businesses, the expense can run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. For the companies that deal with the scourge, it is a bonanza, with business doubling and tripling.

The costs of coping with bedbugs are significant, and they are not covered by most insurance policies because they are seen as a maintenance issue. Hiring bedbug-sniffing dogs, which is considered the most effective detection technique, costs about $250 for a 1,200-square-foot retail store and as much as $10,000 for a million-square-foot department store. "To stay ahead of bedbugs, I recommend using the dogs to do a thorough inspection quarterly/' said Pepe Peruyero, chief executive of a company in Florida that trains bedbug-sniffing dogs and offers inspections for large buildings like department stores and school dormitories. However, he added, many customers cannot afford it and instead choose to rely on the vigilance of employees after an initial dog check comes up clean.

Eliminating infestations is also costly, ranging from $750 for a few rooms in an office building to $70,000 for a large apartment complex. And that is just for the application of the combination of pesticides that kills bedbugs. It costs an additional 40 percent for the most thorough regimen: placing all the contents of an office or retail space into a heat chamber ——bedbugs die at 120 degrees Fahrenheit —and then spraying pesticides in the temporarily empty rooms. ’’It takes about four to seven hours per room” for the combination heat and pesticide procedure and a couple of hours on three separate occasions if using pesticides alone, said Judy Black, technical director for a large firm based in Charlotte, North Carolina, which provides pest control and other quality control services to commercial customers." Getting rid of bedbugs is not quick or easy.”

Businesses lose money when they have to interrupt operations. In addition, they may have to destroy bedbug-infested merchandise. One well-known chain of sporting goods stores, for example, had to close two of its outlets in New York in July, one for four business days and another for five, to deal with bedbug infestations. A representative confirmed disposing of merchandise but declined to comment on the cost.

The managements of the Empire State Building (a famous New York City skyscraper) and the AMC Theater chain were similarly tight lipped about the cost of dealing with recent bedbug infestations. "Nobody wants to talk about this even though it's happening everywhere," said Ron Harrison, director of technical services for a Atlanta-based pest control company whose commercial business has more than tripled since 2008. "I spoke before a chapter of the National Apartment Association in one Alabama city and asked for a show of hands of those who had experienced problems with bedbugs, and not a single hand went up ——yet right there in front of me were three of our customers who I know had used our services to dead with bedbugs in their commercial property."

The silence, of course, is to avoid the stigma of an infestation. Even if businesses manage to avoid media attention, they may end up on one of several websites like bedbugregistry.com and bedbugreports.com, which encourage people to report hotels, apartment complexes, offices and retailers where they saw or were bitten by bedbugs. "It’s been nonstop drama dealing with hotels disputing claims," said Matt Ceglowski, a computer programmer in San Francisco who started bedbugregistry.com in November 2006 after he was bitten by bedbugs in a local hotel. "Everyone is scared of being publicly ousted and losing business."

There is also a real fear of liability. Bedbug-related lawsuits have been increasing since 2003, and several lawyers now advertise themselves as specialists in such litigation. Typical is a recent case filed against a large Pennsylvania furniture establishment by a woman who contends that furniture she bought there had bedbugs. In court documents, she said she wanted at least $50,000 in compensation because the bedbugs not only gave her itchy welts but also caused her to lose her hair and her job as an attendant at a nursing home. "Most bedbug suits are settled out of court for less than $5,000, but I’ve seen damages go as high as six figures,” said Christian Hardigree, associate professor at the College of Hotel Administration at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and a lawyer who has consulted on bedbug cases involving hotels, cruise ships, movie theaters and nursing homes. "It can be a nightmare for businesses because a lot of claimants in these cases are treating the litigation system like a lottery and are going after the big win."

In addition to personal-injury law firms, other businesses benefiting from the bedbug scourge include a firm based in Chicago that manufactures enveloping mattress cases to keep out mites and bedbugs. The company developed the product in 2004 and had sales of $10 million last year, twice as much as in the previous year, according to James Bell, the company’s chief executive. He predicts an even larger jump in sales this year. “The response has been enormous,” he said.

Bedbugs gave Linda Develasco of suburban Chicago a new career when she was laid off from her job as a new-accounts manager at Verizon two years ago. Having learned about bedbugs in the hospitality industry from her fiance, who was general manager of a hotel, she bought a bedbug-sniffing beagle named Scooby for $9,700. She recouped the expense within three months by doing one to three inspections each week. "He was worth every penny," said Ms. Develasco, who had been doing mostly residential work but within the last week began inspecting office buildings, retail stores and movie theaters. “It’s been crazy.”

Exterminators are also enjoying a windfall after several years of declining revenue as customers cut back on pest control treatments to save money in the tight economy. “I just got a $60,000 contract to take care of bedbugs in an apartment complex”. Tony Esposito, owner of a small pest control company in Texas, shouted into his cell phone as he drove to investigate another bedbug complaint in nearby Houston. “I had to pull my truck over and do a happy dance."

1.Of the four suggested titles below, the best one for this article is( ) .

A、Are bedbugs bad for business? It depends on the business

B、Eek! Bedbugs are now turn up in every comer of America

C、Do you have bedbugs? Here are some suggestions on how to defeat the invaders

D、Get ready! Bedbugs threaten us all

2.Mr. Tyler, the Californian hotel manager( ) .

A、recommends using trained dogs to prevent bedbugs from entering hotels

B、believes that the only effective response to bedbugs is to wait till customers find them

C、claims that his hotel has never had a major bedbug infestation, unlike other hotels in San Francisco

D、believes the struggle with bedbugs is an inevitable part of hotel management nowadays

3.When Mr. Tyler is quoted as using the word killer in paragraph 2, he means( ) .

A、a murderer

B、something devastating for his hotel’s appeal to customers

C、something that would enhance his hotel's commercial reputation

D、a terrible health hazard

4.The use of trained dogs to detect bedbugs( ) .

A、is cheap enough to allow both homeowners and businessmen to do this as a matter of course

B、is, according to one executive quoted in the article, necessary on a monthly basis for effective control of the pests

C、is, according to Pepe Peruyano, sufficiently expensive to make it something many business owners do only once, if they can manage it

D、is more important in places like Florida than in other parts of the US, according to Pepe Peruyano

5.According to the article, insurance companies are ( ).

A、usually unwilling to insure against bedbugs because they believe their presence or absence depends on how well owners keep their property clean

B、reluctant to issue bedbug insurance because angry customers can so easily win compensation from the courts for exposure to bedbugs

C、unwilling to insure commercial properties against bedbugs unless the properties are regularly inspected by pest control professionals using trained dogs

D、happy to insure commercial properties against bedbugs

6. We may deduce from the information in the article that when businesses discover bedbugs they tend to lose money for every reason except( ) .

A、a hike in their insurance rates

B、a halt in their operations while bedbugs are exterminated

C、expert inspection of their facilities

D、the need to get rid of infested goods

7.When Linda Develasco uses the word crazy in paragraph 11, she is most probably describing ( ).

A、her mental state as a result of being first laid off and then having to work with dogs

B、the disgust she feels at having to spend her working hours dealing with bedbugs

C、her shock at discovering bedbugs in so many different sorts of environments

D、the pace of her work since she began to do bedbug inspections with her beagle Scooby

8.According to the article, pest exterminators( ) .

A、face a declining demand for their services

B、have managed to convince home-owners of the need for their services despite the economic troubles in the US

C、have bedbugs to thank for their current prosperity after a period of falling income

D、with small businesses are currently doing well, but this is not true of larger companies that provide pest control services

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