2019年清华大学考博英语真题

Part I Vocabulary (20%)

Directions: There are forty incomplete sentences in this part For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWERSHEET with a single line through the center.

1. The European Union countries , were once worried that they would not have___supplies of petroleum.

A . sufficient B . efficient C potential D . proficient

2 . we’d like to___a table for five for dinner this evening .

A . preserve B . reserve C . sustain D . retain

3 . Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world-over 60 cars for every mile of___road.

A . popularity B.prosperity C . intensity D . density

4 . I would never have___a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate.

A . sought for B . accounted for C . turned up D . restored to

5 . The energy___by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.

A . transferred B . released C . conveyed D . delivered

6 . It is required that during the process , great care has to be taken to protect the silk___from damage .

A . sensitive B . sensible C tender D . delicate

7.To our___,Geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared .

A . relief B . view C . anxiety D . judgment

8.The government will take some action to___the two big quarreling companies.

A . jigsaw B . jot C . impulse D . reconcile

9 . As automation became popular in most factories , labor was made___.

A . disincentive B . redundant C . diverse D . discontent

10 . They have___her unreasonable request for her annual salary .

A . destined B . chorded C . repelled D . commenced

11 . When you prepare for your speech , be sure to cite___qualified sources of information and examples .

A . unbiased B . manipulated C . distorted D . conveyed

12 . It is apparent that winning the scholarship is___of one’s intelligence in the field of physics.

A . parallelism B . alliteration C . testimony D . rhythm

13. In court he repeated his___that he was not guilty in front of the jury.

A . impressions B . alliterations C.testimony D.rhythm

14 . Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of business.

A . stale B . slack C . ferrous D . abundant

15 . According to the Geneva no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse___.

A . Customs B . Congresses C . Conventions D . Routines

16.Before the general election many senior citizens signed the against___spreading of nuclear arms.

A . contract B . petition C . supplication D . potential

17 . Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moo’s atmosphere to___plant life.

A . adapt B . personalize C . sustain D , describe

18. I can't remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty___.

A . estimating B . devastating C . reprocessing D . preferring

19. The industry has pumped amounts of money into politic campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.

A.potential B.substantial C.massive D.traditional

20. I was entrusted to a newspaper article making___predictions for the new year.

A . contribute B . detract C . convert D .entail

21 . After 1989 , the external___vanished , but the danger to American civilization remained.

A . disruption B.menace C . liability D.emergence

22.The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the___by various means.

A . flight B . plight C delight D . twilight

23 . An archaeologist has to pay much attention to___details of an unearthed oblect.

A.miserable B.minus C . minute D.moist

24 . The girl___her tablemate’s arm to see if she was fast asleep at class .

A . pinched B . punched C . pitched D . preached

25 . Most of the local people involved in the affair have been___ and dismissed

A . smuggled B . prosecuted C . saluted D . thrived

26 . I can respect someone who is ___for their actions , but always pointing the finger

A . millennium B . dominant C . accountable D . commercial

27 . All the products made in China are sold and distributed in with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.

A . compliance B . prosperity C . merchandise D. intersection

28.One of the main reasons is that the university’s___ attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.

A.fraud B.respondent C.misconduct D.prestige

29.Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have no ___further details about the accident.

A . comprised B.formulated C . released D . incorporated

30 . They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering ___to foreign investors.

A . incentives B . abundance C . warriors D . outnumbers

31 . Why be___about that old coat ? There’s no point in keeping it just becauseyou wewearing it when you first met me

A . sensitive B . sensible C . sentimental D , sensational

32. ___and hard work are the cornerstones of this company .

A . Mutilation B . Innovation C . Empire D . Strength

33 . The protests were part of their ___against the proposed building development in the area.

A . commission B.commitment C.convention D.campaign

34 . Some people seem to ___on the pressure of working under a deadline

A . render B.evolve C . prevail D . thrive

35 . These changes have not been sufficient to___ the losses

A.stem B.stimulate C.cause D . compensate

36 . Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their___.

A . conditions B.combinations C. peers D.granaries

37 . Several___ for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers .

A . systems B . sentences C fallacies D . hypotheses

38 . These natural resources will be___ sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.

A.depleted B . deployed C . inclined D . mingled

39 . The military operations yesterday were ___targeted at the military installations.

A . propelled B . commenced C . plagued D . modulated

40 . Artificial intelligence deals partly with the___ between the computer and the human brain

A . profile B.mighty C . analogy D.leakage

Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40%)

Directions : In this part of the test , there are five short passages . Read each passage carefully , and then do the questions that follow . Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSHER SHEET .

Passage One

There are over 6 , 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography , and another trains pilots .others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving . Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate , which is more important in this technology-driven era .

But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious . “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence , sex and crude language” , says David Walsh , president of the National Institute on Media and Family . “Unfortunately , it's a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen. “

One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence . The investigators said These are not just games anymore . These are learning machines . we’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger . what they are not learning are the real-life consequences . They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse , because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have killed up to 33 , OCX ) people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says ”Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield . They also get on their knees and beg for mercy , or commit suicide . If you like , you can also dismember them.” Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3 , 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject . Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players .

Some specialists downplay the influence of the games , saying that other factors must be taken into consideration , such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games . But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role ? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see . If that were true , why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising ?

41 . Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining ?

A . Those that teach how to fly an airplane .

B . Those that teach the features of the earth .

C Those that help people use computer language

D.Those that teach computer technology .

42 . According to the investigators,

A . the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent acts

B . the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other people

C . most computer and online games make the players forget the real life

D . most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners

43 . It can be inferred from the passage that

A . more and more young people enjoy cruel computer g

B.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer games

C.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer games

D.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence

44.The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that

A . the commercial world s contributing to the increased violence in real life

B . computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life

C . their is a close link between computer games and increases violence in real life

D . other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life

Passage Two

The collapse of the Earth's magnetic field-which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures-appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago , the New York Times reported last week .The field's strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force.

During a reversal , the main field weakens , almost vanishes , and reappears with opposite polarity (极) . The transition would take thousands of years . Once completed , compass needles that had pointed north would point south . A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals . Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties . Birds , fish and animals that rely on the inagnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing . But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster , despite daims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions .Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away , the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites . Last month the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field's shifts . A group of new satellites , called Swarm , is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision . We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future , just like people trying to predict the weather , said Gauthier Hulot , a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan, “I’m personally quite convinced we should be able to workout the first predictions by the end of the mission .”

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