中国社会科学院考博英语真题（二）

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Direction： Write your translations in your answer sheet．

Part A

Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese. (15 ％)

Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. Aging is the neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. Though we have begun to examine the socially taboo subjects of dying and death, we have leaped over that long period of time preceding death known as old age. In truth, it is easier to manage the problem of death than the problem of living as an old person. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life. (1)

We base our feelings on primitive fears, prejudice and stereotypes rather than on knowledge and insight. In reality, the way one experiences old age is contingent upon circumstances of late-life events (in what order they occur, how they occur, when they occur) and the social supports one receives: adequate finances, shelter, medical care, social roles, religious support, recreation. (2) All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life．

Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime——like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. (3) Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death. The old must clarify and find use for what they have attained in a lifetime of learning and adapting; they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those changes and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (4) The elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation which can only come from having lived an entire life span. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed. (5)

Part B

Translate the following sentences into good English. (15％)

1．实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态，提高了我国经济水平。

2．文化是某一特定人群所有传统、习俗、信仰和各种生活方式的总和。

3．一个的妇女通过她们的生活方式塑造了这个的道德、宗教和政治。

4．帮助真正的穷人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来，符合所有人的利益。

5．推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展，是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。

KEY

Part A

(1)死亡是富有戏剧性的、一次性危机，而老年则是一天天、一年年地与强大的内外力量抗争。一种苦乐掺半的逐渐适当自己老年时的个性和生活的过程。

(2)事实上，一个人老年经历如何是因下列因素而异的：身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年事变的具体情形(这些事变发生之先后、情况及具体时间)及他得到的社会支持，如是否有足够的金钱、住处、医疗、社会任务、宗教支持、文化娱乐。

(3)年老的过程及最后的死亡必须从根本上被看作是生命周期的自然进程，老人结束他们各自的寿数，为年轻人让路。

(4)老人必须弄清自己毕生学习和适应的收获并加以利用，他们必须在必要时，保持精力和物力，并创造性地使自己适应于衰老过程中必定会经历的变化与损失。

(5)在一生中积累形成的品格与经验老年时间可以受益。

Part B

1．Since China started to implement the policy of opening up to the outside, its total or semi-closure has been changed and the level of its economy and technology has been raised．

2．Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings．

3．The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live．

4．Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all．

5．To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard wold peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century．