中国社会科学院考博英语真题（一）

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Direction：Write your translations in your answer sheet．

Part A

Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese. (15 %)

“The Child is Father of the Man, ”wrote the English poet William Wordsworth. Adults today are as aware as Wordsworth of the importance of childhood experiences that a cherished and well-behaved child has a better chance of growing into a balanced, loving and law-abiding adult than an unloved one.(1)The Children Act of 1989, created to give children much-needed protection against abuse, in the process legalized the ideology: the child comes first．

But while the nurturing of self-esteem in children is now accepted as a requisite of their development, the social and economic demands on over-worked, harassed parent often prevent them from putting this theory into practice where it matters most—in the home. (2)Indeed, much of the time is seems that parents themselves are suffering a crisis of self-esteem．

Reports show that teenagers are increasingly obese and slothful. They watch on average between four and six hours of television a day. No longer subject to the discipline of the evening family meal-the cradle of manners and civil behavior-one in three people eats his or her dinner in front of the television.(3) The fashion industry is increasingly targeting guilty parents and their demanding children; it is not uncommon to see children wearing designer jeans and the latest trainers that they will soon grow out of．

Pre-Christmas toy advertising is designed to strike terror into the hearts of parents and make their children even more demanding and greedy. (4) Every office in the land harbors parents who are exasperated especially by boys who are arrogant, rude, boastful and undisciplined. Many parents are too guiltridden or too bewildered by conflicting child-rearing advice to do anything other than wringtheir hands with worry. (5)The language of civil rights has entered childhood. Children as young as six are now so keenly aware of their “rights” that they freely complain of “unfair” treatment by their elders. Part B Translate the following sentences into good English. (15%)

1．为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展，我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。

2．孝道是儒家教育的基石，这宣扬不仅要孝敬父母，而且要臣服于各级各类的权威。

3．目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。这个伟大的改革使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济。

4．一个母亲如果没有文化，很难担负教育好下一代的责任。占中国人口半数的妇女的文化素质提不高，全民族的文化素质也难提高。

5．我们正努力教育公民不要像西方那样过分消费，比如使用过多的空调，私人汽车，以及随意处理的产品。

KEY

Part A

1．今天的成年人和华兹华斯一样认识到孩童时期生活经历的重要性——备受关怀、行为良好的儿童比没有人痛受的儿童有更高、更多的机会成长为心态平衡、关心他人和遵纪守法的成人。

2．可是，人们同意把培养儿童自尊心作为儿童成长的必要条件时，社会和经济的要求又使得劳累过度、疲惫不堪的父母在家里常常不能把理论和实践相结合，而这两者在家里的结合是至关重要的。

3．青少年在家用晚餐(此即培养礼貌和文明举止的场所)时不再遵守规矩，三分之一的人一边吃饭，一边看电视。

4．圣诞节前的玩具广告使得父母们心惊胆战，却使他们的孩子更加贪得无厌，要求越来越高。

5．许多父母被相互矛盾的养育孩子的忠告弄得负疚太深，极度困惑，从而忧心忡忡，一筹莫展。

Part B

1．The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy．

2．The doctrine of filial piety, which was the foundation of Confucian education, advocated not only devotion to one's parents but submission to all types of authorities at any levels．

3．At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic reform is being carried out in China. This remarkable transformation has turned a closed economic system centered on plans and projects to an open market-based economy．

4．A mother in a family, who is illiterate, can hardly shoulder the responsibility for a good education of the younger generation. If we fail to improve the cultural quality of women who account nearly half of the population in China, we can by no means improve the cultural quality of the whole nation．

5．We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behaviors of over consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will．