河南工业大学考博英语考试大纲

河南工业大学硕士研究生入学考试大纲《基础英语》

科目名称：《基础英语》

科目代码：619

一.考试目的及要求：

该课程考试旨在全面考察考生是否具备硕士阶段学习所要求的英语水平，主要考核考生词汇、篇章结构把握、阅读理解和欣赏、英汉互译和英文写作等方面英语综合运用能力。考生应具备以下能力：

1.掌握10，000个以上词汇，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上；

2.能分析文章的思想观点、篇章结构、写作目的、语言技巧及修辞手段，并就此作出自己的评价；

3.能够根据上下文用适当的词语解释较难的词语，且用自己的语言解释文章中的长句和难句；

4.能将不同文体风格的原文忠实地翻译成译文；

5.能根据要求写出语言准确、表达得体，具有一定的思想深度的文章。

二.考试形式与分值：

考试形式采用闭卷和笔试的方式进行，总分150分，考试时间为180分钟。

三.考试题型：

1.词汇理解

本部分包括两部分：第一部分为解释加下划线的词语，考察学生对词汇意思的准确把握和近义词的替换能力；第二部分为词汇选择题， 考生从给出的四个选项中选择一个符合句子意思的恰当的词。本部分共20题，每题1分，总分为20分。

2.完型填空

本部分主要考察学生对篇章意思的把握能力以及篇章结构和篇章逻辑性的识别能力。考试形式是从一篇长度为300词左右的文章中抽出5个空，考生根据上下文从给出的6个选项中选择最适合的句子。本部分共5题，每题2分，总分为10分。

3.阅读理解

本部分主要测试考生对英语篇章主旨、修辞、疑难句子的理解和解释的能力。考试文章总长度约为800词汇，文章主要为哲理型及思辨型议论文。文章后有5个简答题，要求学生对文章的一些修辞手法进行阐释、对重难点句进行英英释义、以及对文章大意进行概括等。本部分共5题，总分为30分。

4.翻译

本部分分英译汉和汉译英两部分。英译汉选材多为英美报刊及书籍中哲理性论辩文章的节录，字数约为200字左右，要求考生恰当运用英译汉的理论和技巧，译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。汉译英选材多为中国文学作品原著中的文章节录，字数约为200字左右，要求考生恰当运用汉译英的理论和技巧，译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。本部分共2题，每题30分，总分为60分。

5.写作

本部分主要测试考生英语表达能力。考试题型为命题作文，要求考生根据所给题目写一篇长度为300左右英语单词的议论文。要求作文语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。主要考察学生的语言基本功、选题构思、篇章组织能力以及思辨能力等。本部分共30分。

四.复习范围及参考书目：

本课程考试属于英语语言水平能力综合测试，因此不具体提供参考书目。考生可参照国内高校通用的《高级英语》精读教材、翻译教材，兼及时事、政治、经济、文化及社会生活等方面的英文报刊或网站。

五.样题：

Part I Structure and Vocabulary. (20/150)

Task 1: Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.（10/150）

1. Parents are sometimes reluctant to relinquish the influence they have on their children.

A. give off         B. retain        C.let go of           D. notice

2. She strongly denounced the Government’s foreign policy in public.

A. condemned      B.announced     C. supported       D. disdained

3. As he got older, his belief in these principles didn’t vacillate.

A. dither          B. shake         C. waver          D. wobble

4. The government is taking drastic measures to mitigate the effects of inflation.

A. worsen      B.alleviate     C.aggravate     D. aggregate

5. Rather than vote for either side, the congressman decided to abstain.

A.not vote          B. vote for both         C.stay home        D. vote later

6.They both told the court the argument was more heated than usual and Mrs Allen described her increasing exasperation at her husband's insistence he was leaving.

A.harassment        B. provocation        C. embarassment       D. irritation

7. Frank was even abashed by the moment of triumph as if that moment were not a thing to be savored.

A. bewildered       B. bashful          C. ashamed          D. dismayed

8. My position was thus at the same time unprecedently strong and precarious.

A. cautious         B.insecure          C.crucial           D. reliable

9. The Minister is determined to root out corruption.

A. soften           B. redeem          C. eradicate        D. recede

10. The accused decided to dispense with the services of a lawyer.

A.rely on         B. go without       C. take up        D.check up

Task 2: Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. （10/150）

11. The preacher______ his congregation for failure to attend weekly services.

A.admonished         B. cursed       C. quitted         D. complained

12. At the funeral, those who were glad that George was gone ______  great sorrow.

A. counterfeited       B. retained       C. manifested     D. were in the form of

13. This very interesting novel has only one fault. I mention this fault without fear of offending the author, for obviously no writer is _______.

A. ignorant          B. infallible        C. discouraged            D. humble

14. Sluggish individual spending, which has lasted for months, is _____ the economic recovery.

A. boosting         B. promoting        C. hampering             D.holding

15. Participants urged fans to ignore the criticism and controversy, and to_____ the celebration of Jackson's musical legacy.

A. revel in            B. get over       C.take up            D. throw up

16. The report stated that Dr. Brady had been_____ in not giving the patient a full examination.

A. illegible            B. eligible       C.negligible          D. negligent

17. He invented a most _____story, but most of us were inclined to doubt the truth of it.

A.credulous           B. inscrutable     C. indiscreet          D. plausible

18. If there is a report that frequently gets lost, or miscoded, one approach is to ____ employees to put in longer hours, or to be more careful.

A.modify            B. exhort          C.vindicate          D. justify

19. As time moved on my grief and anger at his untimely death began to____.

A.retreat            B. obliterate        C. recede            D.deplete

20. Apparently, Jim’s father was _______ by his words and yelled at him immediately.

A. put out           B. put away        C. put down          D. put across

Part II: Directions: The following passage has FIVE sentences missing. Choose from the list of SIX sentences marked A…F below the most suitable sentence for each missing blank. Then write down the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (10/150)

Americans often assume that overwork is an inevitable fact of life—like death and taxes. In our era, almost every other industrialized nation has fewer annual working hours and longer vacations than the United States. 21.                           . Jeremy Brecher noted that European unions during the 1980s made a powerful and largely successful push to cut working hours.

Perhaps the most formidable barrier to more freetime for Americans is the widespread mindset that the 40-hour workweek, 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, is a natural rhythm of the universe. 22.                           . A second obstacle to launching a powerful shorter work-time movement is America’s deeply ingrained work ethic, which fosters the widely held belief that people who do not work long and hard are lazy, unproductive, and worthless.

23.                           . Many of us identify ourselves almost entirely by the kind of work we do. Work still has a powerful psychological and spiritual hold over our lives—and talk of shorter work-time may seem somehow morally suspicious.

24.                           . Also much of our non-work time is spent not just in personal renewal, but in building and maintaining essential social ties—with family, friends, and the larger community. Today, as mothers and fathers spend more and more time on the job, we are beginning to recognize the deleterious effects of the breakdown of social ties and community in American life. 25.                           .

A. The simple fact is that Americans today are spending too much time at work, to the detriment of their homes, their families, their personal lives, and their communities.

B. This includes all of Western Europe, where many nations enjoy thriving economies and standards of living equal to or higher than ours.

C. For many Americans today, paid work is not just a way to make money but is a crucial source of their self-worth.

D. This view is reinforced by the media’s complete silence regarding the shorter work-time and more favorable vacation and family-leave policies of other countries.

E. Unfortunately, our nation reacts to these problems by calling for more paid professionals without recognizing the possibility that shorter work hours and more free time could enable us to do much of the necessary rebuilding and healing.

F. Because we are so deeply a work-oriented society, leisure-time activities are not looked on as essential and worthwhile components of life.

Part III: Reading Comprehension. Read the following essay and then answer the questions below. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (30/150)

Women Are Prisoners of Their Sex

[1]Women are free. At least, they look free. They even feel free. But in reality women in the western, industrialized world today are like the animals in a modern zoo. There are no bars. It appears that cages have been abolished. Yet in practice women are still kept in their place just as firmly as the animals are kept in their enclosures. Women have fallen victim to one of the most insidious and ingenious confidence tricks ever perpetrated. The ingenious point about the new-model zoo is that it deceives both sides of the invisible barrier. Not only cannot the animal see how it is imprisoned; the visitor’s conscience is relieved of the unkindness of keeping animals shut up.

[2]The pressures society exerts to drive men out of the house are very nearly as irrational and unjust as those by which it keeps women in. Society is playing on our sexual vanity. Tell a man that he is not a real man, or a woman that she is not 100 percent woman, and you are threatening both with not being attractive to the opposite sex. No one can bear not to be attractive to the opposite sex. That’s the climate which the human animal cannot tolerate. So society has us all at its mercy. It has only to murmur to the man that staying home is a feminine characteristic, and he will be out of the house like a bullet. It has only to suggest to the woman that logic and reason are the exclusive province of the mansculine mind, where intuition and feeling are the female forte, and she will throw her physics textbooks out of the window. So brilliantly has society contrived to terrorize women with this threat that certain behavior is unnatural and unwomanly, that it has left them no time to consider—or even sheerly observe-what womanly nature really is. Fright has thrown her into such a muddle that she confuses having no taste for cookery with having no breasts, and conversely assumes that nature has unfailingly endowed the human female with a special handiness with frying pans.

[3] Even psychoanalysis has unwittingly reinforced the terrorization campaign. The trouble was that it brought with it from its origin a medical therapy a criterion of normality instead of rationality. If a woman who is irked by confinement to the kitchen merely looks around to see what other women are doing and finds they are accepting their kitchens, she may well conclude that she is abnormal and had better enlist her psychoanalyst’s help toward living with her kitchen. What she ought to ask is whether it is rational for women to be kept to the kitchen, and whether nature really does insist on that in the way it insists women have breasts.

[4] The normal and natural thing for human beings is not to tolerate handicaps but to reform society and to circumvent or supplement nature. In reality, the whole idea of a specifically feminine or masculine contribution to culture is a contradiction of culture. A contribution to culture is not something which could not have been made by the other sex; it is something which could not have been made by any other person. Not only are the distinctions we draw between male nature and female nature largely arbitrary and often pure superstition, they are completely beside the point. They ignore the essence of human nature. The important question is not whether women are or are not less logical by nature than men, but whether education, effort and the abolition of our illogical social pressures can improve on nature and make them—and, incidentally, men as well—more logical.

[5] Civilization consists not necessarily in defying nature but in making it possible for us to do so if we judge it desirable. The higher we can lift our noses from the grindstone of nature, the wider the area we have of choice; and the more choices we have freely made, the more individualized we are. We are at our most civilized when nature does not dictate to us, as it does to animals and peasants, but when we can opt to fall in with it or better it. If modern civilization has invented methods of preparing baby foods and methods of education which make it possible for men to feed babies and for women to think logically, we are betraying civilization itself if we do not set both sexes free to make a free choice.

Tasks: Answer the following questions.

26. In paragraph 1, the author uses an analogy to illustrate her argument. What is the analogy and what does the analogy illustrate? (para. 1)? (5/150)

27. What does the author mean by saying “Society is playing on our sexual vanity ?” (para. 2) (5/150)

28. Explain the sentence “Even psychoanalysis has unwittingly reinforced the terrorization campaign.” (para. 3) (5/150)

29. Explain the sentence “A contribution to culture is not something which could not have been made by the other sex; it is something which could not have been made by any other person” (para. 4) (5/150)

30. Write a summary of the text with about 100 words.(10/150)

Part IV: Translate the following passages. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (60/150)

Task 1: Translation from English to Chinese (30/150)

31. The young Americans are energetic, ambitious, enterprising, and good, but their talents and interests and money thrust them not into books and ideas and history and civics, but into a whole other realm and other consciousness. A different social life and a different mental life have formed among them. Technology has bred it, but the result doesn't tally with the fulsome descriptions of digital empowerment, global awareness, and virtual communities. Instead of opening young American minds to the stores of civilization and science and politics, technology has contracted their horizon to themselves, to the social scene around them.Young people have never been so intensely mindful of and present to one another, and so enabled in adolescent contact. Teen images and songs, hot gossip and games, and youth-to-youth communications no longer limited by time or space wrap them up in a generational cocoon reaching all the way into their bedrooms. The autonomy has a cost: the more they attend to themselves, the less they remember the past and envision a future.

Task 2: Translation from Chinese to English. (30/150)

32. 天空还是一片浅蓝，颜色很浅。转眼间天边出现了一道红霞，慢慢地在扩大它的范围，加强它的亮光。我知道太阳要从天边升起来了，便不转眼地望着那里。果然过了一会儿，在那个地方出现了太阳的小半边脸，红是真红，却没有亮光。这个太阳好像负着重荷似地一步一步、慢慢地努力上升，到了最后，终于冲破了云霞，完全跳出了海面，颜色红得非常可爱。一刹那间，这个深红的圆东西，忽然发出了夺目的亮光，射得人眼睛发痛，它旁边的云片也突然有了光彩。有时太阳走进了云堆中，它的光线却从云里射下来，直射到水面上。这时候要分辨出哪里是水，哪里是天，倒也不容易，因为我就只看见一片灿烂的亮光。这时候发亮的不仅是太阳、云和海水，连我自己也成了明亮的了。

Part V: Writing. (30/150)

33. Write an essay of about 300 words in which you set forth your comments on Socrates’ saying that “An Unexamined Life is not Worth Living ”.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instruction may result in loss of marks.