2017年四川大学考博英语真题

I Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)

Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

When Mark Zuckerberg posted a picture of himself on Facebook in June, a sharp-eyed observer spotted a piece of tape covering his laptop’s camera. The irony didn’t go unnoticed: A man whose $ 350 billion company relies on users feeding it intimate details about their lives is worried about his own privacy. But Zuckerberg is smart to take precautions.

Many of the cameras that can be pointed at us today are easy to spot. But researchers are developing recording devices that can hide in plain sight, some by mimicking animals. A company called AeroVironment has produced a drone that looks and flies like a humming bird. Engineers at

Carnegie Mellon, NASA, and elsewhere have designed “snakebots” that can maneuver in tight spaces and could be adapted for surveillance. Robotic bugs are in development, too, and engineers at UC Berkeley and in Singapore are developing cyborg beetles—real insects that can be remote-controlled via implanted electrodes and that might someday pack cameras. With the advent of the Internet of Things, appliances and gadgets will monitor many aspects of our lives, from what we eat to what we flush. Devices we talk to will record and upload our conversations,

as Amazon’s Echo already does. Even toys will make us vulnerable. Kids say the damdest things, and the talking Hello Barbie doll sends those things wirelessly to a third-party server, where they are analyzed by speech-recognition software and shared with vendors.

Even our thoughts could become hackable. The technology company Retinad can use the sensors on virtual-reality headsets to track user’s engagement. Future devices might integrate EEG electrodes to measure brain waves. In August, Berkeley engineers announced that they had produced “neural dust,” implantable electrodes just a millimeter wide that can record brain activity for scientific or medical purposes.

As the data collected by all the devices around us become overwhelming, we’ll increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to sift through them and make decisions, says Gary T. Marx, the author of Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology. Algorithms are already used to identify potential terrorists, as well as to generate credit ratings and parole recommendations. Chicago police use an algorithm that analyzes arrest records, social networks, and other data to identify future criminals. Soon, bots will likely guide many aspects of personnel management, such as hiring and firing.

1. The word “sharp-eyed” in the first sentence of Paragraph One surely means •

A. able to see very well B. far-sighted

C. short-sighted D. having good-looking eyes

2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. It is easy to detect many of the cameras watching us today.

B. Recording devices in the future may be totally invisible.

C. Some of the cameras may be designed in the shape of animals.

D. Real insects cannot be controlled to spy on people.

3. What kind of device is Amazon’s Echo according to the third paragraph?

A. It may be a recording and talking machine.

B. It may be a gadget that can record and upload information.

C. It may be a device that tracks its owner’s brain activities.

D. It may be a domestic appliance that helps people do their housework.

4. Which of the following best paraphrases the first sentence in Paragraph Four?

A. Hackers can even enter into our head.

B. Future devices may enable people to gain unauthorized access to our brains and find out what we are thinking.

C. Our brains may be stolen by Internet hackers.

D. Implantable devices can record our brain activities for scientific or medical purposes.

5. In the last paragraph，the author seems to say that .

A. future devices for collecting data will have a negative effect on our life

B. artificial intelligence based on data collected by future devices can be very useful

C. artificial intelligence will deprive us of our rights to make decisions

D. artificial intelligence may be useful to the police, but not to individual management

Passage Two

A survey of 2, 000 U. S. physicians released in September found that roughly half believed they had met criteria for a mental health disorder in the past but had not sought treatment. The doctors listed a number of reasons they had shunned care, including worries that they’d be stigmatized and an inability to find the time. But they also voiced a troubling reason for avoiding treatment: medical licensing applications. After graduating from medical school, doctors must complete residency training and apply for state medical licenses to practice medicine. According to a study that appeared in 2008, about 90 percent of state medical boards have licensing forms that include questions about an applicant’s mental health.

Such questions are intended to protect the public, based on the idea that impaired or distressed physicians could endanger patients. A physician having hallucinations, for example, might not be able to focus or practice safely. Yet because applications can be used by medical boards to restrict licensing or mandate treatment, these questions may actually encourage silence. Disclosing mental health issues can have dire consequences. In the words of one physician interviewed for the new study, “ All of my fears were realized when I did report it. I was placed in a very strict and punitive program that didn’t allow me to take meds written by my doctor for anxiety and insomnia. I am now not practicing at all because of this. ”

Given such professional risks, many doctors who need it are terrified about getting mental health care. A 2011 study found that more than 60 percent of surgeons who had experienced suicidal thoughts were reluctant to get help because of licensing concerns: a 2008 survey also found that nearly 20 percent of physicians with moderate to severe depression would not seek care out of fear of losing their medical licenses.

Even if brave enough to seek treatment, many doctors won’t report this during licensure. According to the September survey, just 6 percent of physicians who received a mental health diagnosis or treatment had disclosed this to state medical boards. Physicians who didn’t disclose mental health histories most commonly held back because they didn’t believe they posed any safety risks to patients. Indeed, it’s debatable how relevant — or even legal — these questions from medical boards are.

According to several court cases, asking about past illness rather than current functional impairment may violate the Americans With Disabilities Act. In a study published in 2009, researchers examined state medical board applications and estimated that 69 percent had health questions that were “ impermissible” or “likely impermissible” under federal law.

Whether focusing on past or present, the phrasing of these questions matters. Fortunately, some states now focus more on impairment related to mental health rather than broadly screening for any history of mental health diagnoses or treatment. Moving the focus away from the past is an important nuance: A doctor who had mild anxiety as a teenager isn’t the same as a physician with multiple recent hospitalizations for suicide attempts.

State medical boards are tasked with protecting the public from impaired medical professionals, and it’s difficult to predict who might put patients at risk in the future. Yet sweeping questions about mental health past and present aren’t the answer. I’ve seen little evidence to suggest that broad screening make patients safer, and studies tell us these questions deter doctors from getting help.

6. The word “shunned” in the second sentence of Paragraph One most probably means •

A. escaped B. avoided

C. concealed D. refuted

7. Why do most state medical boards ask questions in their licensing forms about an applicant’s mental health?

A. Because the boards believe that many physicians must have mental health problems.

B. Because the boards intend to deprive doctors with mental problems of their licenses.

C. Because the boards consider doctors with mental health problems dangerous to patients.

D. Because the questions are intended to protect the public from having mental problems.

8. Based on the context, the pronoun word “it” in the first line of Paragraph Five refers most probably to •

A. mental health care B. a medical license

C. one of the professional risks D. anxiety or insomnia

9. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author?

A. All doctors must apply for state medical licenses to practice medicine.

B. Asking about past illness of doctors may be illegal.

C. It’s not easy to conclude who might put patients at risk in the future.

D. Focusing more on impairment related to mental health rather than broadly screening for any history of mental health diagnoses or treatment may be a better choice.

10. What can we infer from this passage concerning the attitude of the author?

A. The author does not like those questions at all.

B. The author believes that asking mental health questions does help protect the patients.

C. The author seems to question the quality of these questions.

D. The author seems to think that the negative effect of asking these questions is bigger than the positive one.

Passage Three

Just after nine o’clock on a Tuesday morning in June, an environmental activist named Bill Kayong was shot.and killed while sitting in his pickup truck, waiting for a traffic light to change in the Malaysian city of Miri, on the island of Borneo. Kayong had been working with a group of villagers who were trying to reclaim land that the local government had transferred to a Malaysian palm-oil company. A few days after the murder, the police identified Stephen Lee Kiang, a director and major shareholder of the company, Tung HuatNiah Plantation, as a suspect in the crime, but Kiang flew to Australia before he could be questioned by authorities. ( Three other individuals were eventually charged in the case. ) Around the world, environmental and human-rights activists added Kayong’s death to the tally of violent incidents connected to the production of palm oil, which has quietly become one of the most indispensable substances on Earth.

The World Wildlife Fund says that half of the items currently on American grocery-store shelves contain some form of palm oil. The move away from trans fats in processed foods as a particular boon for the industry—semi-solid at room temperature, palm oil emerged as an ideal swap-in for the partially hydrogenated oils formerly used to enhance the texture, flavor, and shelf life of products like cookies and crackers. Since 2002, when a report from the National Academy of Sciences found a link between trans fats and heart disease, palm-oil imports to the U. S. have risen four hundred and forty-six percent, and have topped a million metric tons in recent years. Eighty-five percent of the palm oil produced today comes from Indonesia or Malaysia. Rising palm-oil exports have helped both countries make enormous economic strides in the past few decades, but the growth has come at a cost: deforestation rates in both places have been listed among the highest in the world. The habitat destruction brought about by palm-oil production has helped push scores of the region’s species, including orangutans and Sumatran elephants, rhinos, and tigers, to the brink of extinction. And, mostly thanks to palm-oil production, Indonesia can boast some of the world’s

highest levels of greenhouse-gas emissions.

Yet it is violence—against local populations, farmers, and activists—that has human-rights groups closely watching the palm-oil industry. The reports are often sad echoes of one another. In 2012, a human-rights lawyer named Antonio Trejo Cabrera was ambushed by gunmen while walking out of a church in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Trejo had been representing local peasant organizations in a fight against the palm-oil company GrupoDinant, and had recently won a handful of cases forcing the company’s plantations to be turned over to local residents.

In September of last year, a twenty-eight-year-old Guatemal an schoolteacher named Rigoberto Lima Choc was killed on the steps of a courthouse in the city of Sayaxche. Choc had led a group of activists that had filed a criminal complaint against the palm-oil company Reforestadora de Palmas del Peten, S. A. , known as REPS A, based on evidence that REPS A’s overflowing effluent ponds had triggered a large fish kill along a sixty-five-mile stretch of the Pasion River. Choc was shot the day after the judge overseeing the case ordered the six-month closure of REPSA. The company, at the time, issued a statement rejecting “any link of the company with the murder”. Then, in June, it instituted a new anti-violence and intimidation policy, which pledges to “ promote safe and secure communities in which we operate”.

I recently spoke by phone with Baru Bian, a Malaysian politician who was a friend of Bill Kayong, the activist killed in June. Just a few weeks ago, Bian told me, yet another man was killed during a protest at an oil-palm plantation in the town of Mukah. Meanwhile, Kayong’s family is still waiting to see if any of the individual charged in Kayong’s murder will be convicted. “They are left without their husband and father, Bian told me, “Still waiting for justice to be done. ”

11. What can we infer from the author’s description in the first paragraph?

A. Bill Kayong was shot and killed because he supported the production of palm oil.

B. Stephen Lee Kiang was identified as the suspect in the murder of Bill Kayong.

C. The number of deaths connected to the production of palm oil is growing.

D. Stephen Lee Kiang is an Australian who killed someone in Malaysia.

12. The phrase “the partially hydrogenated oils” in Paragraph Two refers to .

A. palm oil B. trans fats

C. cookies and crackers D. items on American grocery-store shelves

13. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. Palm-oil exports have brought tremendous benefits to Indonesia and Malaysia.

B. Deforestation rates in both countries have been listed among the highest in the world.

C. Palm-oil production has led to the destruction of habitat of many species.

D. Rising palm-oil exports have caused serious environmental problems in both countries.

14. Why are human rights groups closely watching the palm-oil industry?

A. Because more and more people are being harmed.

B. Because more violence is used against those fighting against palm-oil companies.

C. Because some people are representing local peasant organizations.

D. Because palm-oil companies are fighting justifiably against the local population.

15. Which of the following do you think can be used as the title of this passage?

A. What is unknown behind the palm-oil industry.

B. The violent costs of the global palm-oil industry.

C. Justice is to be done in the palm-oil industry.

D. Many people have to die for developing the palm-oil industry.

Passage Four

How would you rank “important” languages? If asked to rattle them off, many people start with English, but after that are reluctant to go further. Important how, they ask. One approach would be to look at people and money ; surely a language is important if it is spoken by lots of people, in countries with great wealth (and presumably, therefore, power). But in December came a new approach. A group of scholars approached the task by first looking at how languages are connected to one another, rather than viewing them in isolation. They then decided

to see if this was a good predictor of how many famous people spoke a given language. If a language is well connected to others (a “ hub ” language with many bilinguals)，its speakers will tend to be famous. And the names of the connected languages turn out to be rather interesting.

To find links between languages, the researchers created a “global language network”(GLN) three different ways. One was Wikipedia editors: a bilingual Wikipedian who edits articles in both Arabic and English counts as strengthening the bond between Arabic and English. The second was

Twitter: users who had tweeted at least six full sentences in a second language were treated as strengthening the bond between those two languages. The third was a more formal, old-fashioned metric: book translation. UNESCO, the United Nations’ cultural organization, keeps a database of translated books, and each of the 2.2m translations was counted as a bond strengthening the two languages. (These bonds, of course, are asymmetrical: some languages have more books translated out of them than into them and vice versa.)

The resulting networks are striking in many ways. English is central to all of them. But with many other languages, their connectivity has little to do with their home country’s modem power. Take the network implied by book-translation. The data come from 1979—2011, and so Russian is an important node in the network. Not only were books translated between Russian and other languages of the former Soviet Union (Armenian, Kirgiz and Latvian, say) , but Russian is significantly connected to languages from South and South-East Asia and the Middle East. The contrast with Wikipedia and

Twitter, which skew much more modem, is striking: Russian suddenly becomes a peripheral node. Chinese, too, is peripheral in the authors’ networks. In the book-translation network, the world’s most spoken language is isolated, connected mainly to other Chinese languages plus a few in South-East Asia, notably Vietnamese. This may make sense given the time-frame of the book- translation database skewed to decades before China’s spectacular rise. But Chinese is also a bit-player on Twitter, as a result of the popularity of Sina Weibo, a competing Twitter-like service in China.

The same is true of Wikipedia: here Chinese is somewhat better connected, but it is still much less than its size or GDP would predict, possibly thanks to the existence of a Wikipedia-like Baidu Baike collaborative encyclopedia. The upshot is clear: big languages are not necessarily global, and vice versa. Arabic and Hindi— two other languages with hundreds of millions of speakers—are as peripheral as Chinese and Russian.

The big nodes in the networks besides English are predictable: French, Spanish and German, especially. The first two were successfully flung far and wide by colonialism. German has centuries of prestige in science, philosophy and literature, despite the failures of Germany’s colonial efforts. But these results must be handled with care, the authors note. The paper says nothing about the inherent qualities of any language, or the cleverness of its speakers. Cesar Hidalgo, one of the authors, notes that the paper is really about elites. Bilinguals with time to edit Wikipedia are not typical people, nor are book translators (or even bilingual Twitter users). But they do play an outsized role in the transmission of culture across borders. The main finding of the paper is that people are more likely to become globally famous (as measured, in part, among people with Wikipedia entries in at least 25 languages) if they speak one of the most networked languages. The world’s most brilliant person may be a speaker of Hmong or Nahuatl, but the road to fame leads through other languages.

16. The phrase “rattle them off” in the first line of Paragraph One is closest in meaning to

A. utter a list of them quickly

B. write down a list of them effortlessly

C. prepare a list of them formally

D. arrange a list of them one by one

17. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that .

A. ranking languages by looking at how they are connected is a better approach

B. ranking languages by looking at people and money might be an isolated approach

C. speakers of a well connected language tend to be more famous

D. language can be used as a good predictor of the number of famous people

18. According to the new approach, which of the following is true?

A. English stands in the center of all three minor networks.

B. Russian is an important node in the network of book-translation.

C. Chinese is peripheral in the networks implied by Twitter and Wikipedia.

D. Russian is an important language on Twitter and Wikipedia.

19. According to the passage, the author seems to believe that •

A. important languages must be big languages

B. Hindi is an important, but not big, language

C. German is not an important language because Germany failed in its colonial efforts

D. the most important languages are English, French, Spanish and German

20. How should we look at the results of the paper based on the new approach?

A. We should take these important results seriously.

B. We should regard them as just some of the possible results.

C. We should not believe these are correct results.

D. We should take these results for granted.

Passage Six

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was concerned primarily with how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in the modem era, when things such as shared religious and ethnic background could no longer be assumed. In order to study social life in modem societies, Durkheim sought to create one of the first scientific approaches to social phenomena. Along with Herbert Spencer, Durkheim was one of the first people to explain the existence and quality of different parts of a society by reference to what function they served in keeping the society healthy and balanced一a position that would come to be known as functionalism. Durkheim also insisted that society was more than the sum of its parts. Thus, unlike his contemporary Max Weber, he focused not on what motivates the actions of individual people (methodological individualism) , but rather on the study of “social facts”，a term which he coined to describe phenomena which have an existence in and of themselves and are not bound to the actions of individuals. He argued that social facts had an independent existence greater and more objective than the actions of the individuals that composed society and could only be explained by other social facts rather than, say, by society’s adaptation to a particular climate or ecological niche.

In his 1893 work, The Division of Labor in Society, Durkheim examined how social order was maintained in different types of societies. He focused on the division of labor, and examined how it differed in traditional societies and modem societies. Authors before him such as Herbert Spencer and Ferdinand Toennies had argued that societies evolved much like living organisms, moving from a simple state to a more complex one resembling the workings of complex machines. Durkheim reversed his formula, adding his theory to the growing pool of theories of social progress, social evolutionism and social Darwinism. He argued that traditional societies were “mechanical” and were held together by the

fact that everyone was more or less the same, and hence had things in common. In traditional societies, argued Durkheim, the collective consciousness entirely subsumed individual consciousness一social norms were strong and social behavior was well-regulated. In modem societies, he argued, the highly complex division of labor resulted in “organic” solidarity. Different specializations in employment and

social roles created dependencies that tied people to one another, since people no longer could count on filling all of their needs by themselves. In “mechanical” societies, for example, subsistence farmers live in communities which are self-sufficient and knit together by a common heritage and common job.

In modem “organic” societies, workers earn money, and must rely on other people who specialize in certain products (groceries, clothing, etc) to meet their needs. The result of increasing division of labor, according to Durkheim, is that individual consciousness emerges distinct from collective consciousness一often finding itself conflict with collective consciousness.

26. What is NOT true about Emile Durkheim?

A. He tried to explain the elements of a society and how they functioned.

B. He lived in the time of Max Weber but did not share his views on society.

C. Functionalism was a new approach he sought to create to study modern societies.

D. He did not care much about methodological individualism.

27. Which point about “social facts” is mentioned in the passage?

A. Social facts are all the things we see.

B. Social facts include what people do.

C. Social facts exist independent of people.

D. Social facts can be explained by a particular climate.

28. The word “ subsumes ” in the middle of the second paragraph can be best replaced by

A. discredits B. includes C. substitutes D. replaces

29. Which of the following can best describe the identity of Emile Durkheim?

A. A social evolutionist. B. A social Darwinist.

C. A social scientist. D. A social revolutionary.

30. According to Durkheim, the increasing division of labor is •

A. a necessary result of all complex societies

B. an important element causing modem societies to differ from traditional ones

C. what creates dependencies that tie people to one another

D. one obvious symbol of “mechanical” societies

Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)

31. Upon returning to their tent on the riverbank, the explorers were astonished to see that their boat had away.

A. flushed B. floated C. frowned D. diverged

32. Fierce as they are, beasts like tigers and lions usually do not to violent killing unless they are very hungry.

A. prefer B. alternate C. resort D. confront

33. The airlines charge half-price for the students. , I’ve already bought my ticket to New York.

A. Incidentally B. Accidentally C. Expectantly D. Coincidentally

34. He’s trying to all the support he can obtain for the political party he’s formed.

A. stimulate B. mobilize C. organize D. motivate

35. The professor spoke clearly and and we could understand every word he said.

A. distinguished B. distinctly C. distinctively D. distinguishable

36. Before you start, spend a few minutes yourself with the rules of the game.

A. accustoming B. directing C. familiarizing D. accompanying

37. I was so surprised when he turned up—I’d someone much older.

A. visualized B. perceived C. recognized D. encountered

38. Presently, no international organizations can take the place of UN, which cast a(n) influence on international affairs,

A. individual B. immeasurable C. unique D. indispensable

39. A well-constructed building must be properly •

A. evaporated B. ventilated C. circulated D. regenerated

40. A comprehensive market system should be established to the flow of talent, funds and materials.

A. necessitate B. facilitate C. cultivate D. activate

41. The human brain is the most delicate and complex in all living things.

A. mechanism B. mechanics C. merchandise D. machinery

42. The noise is so faint that the engineers have to their ears to hear it.

A. stir B. stress C. strain D. stride

43. The at the highest point in the United States is 20,000 feet at Mt. McKinley in Alaska.

A. elevation B. attitude C. summit D. top

44. A person who is truly considerate does thoughtful things for others without having to be asked or reminded.

A. consciously B. deliberately C. intentionally D. spontaneously

45. The pattern of weather in the last few weeks the norm for this time of year.

A. deviates from B. originates from

C. diverts from D. differentiates from

46. Before I noticed a small difference, I had thought the machines were .

A. artificial B. identical C. equivalent D. resemblant

47. As people more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.

A. accommodate B. accelerate C. accumulate D. accomplish

48. Many officials initially reacted with shock and to the charge of corruption.

A. indulgence B. indignation C. indigence D. indifference

49. The key to the popularity of aluminum is its incredible .

A. versatility B. validity C. visibility D. subtlety

50. Tony was in plain clothes, watching for a character at London Airport all night.

A. suspicious B. suspect C. susceptible D. suspended

HI Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)

Many researchers have found 51 dependence and obedience in very young girls, greater 52 and activity in boys. When a barrier is set up to separate children 53 their mothers, boys try to knock it down; girls cry helplessly. There is little 54 that mother’s encouragement or discouragement of such behavior plays a major role in determining adult personality. For example, a mother often stimulates male autonomy by throwing a toy far away from her young son, thus silently suggesting to him that he leaves her to get it.

Animal studies suggest that there may be a biological factor in 55 behavior ; mothers of some monkeys punish their male babies earlier and more often than their 56 offspring ; they also touch their female babies more often and act more 57 toward them. As for the 58 question of female “ passivity ”，psychologist Helen Deutsh believes that the concept has been misunderstood. “There is no contradiction between being feminine and working. The self can be active in both men and women，” she says. It is only in love and sex that passivity is particularly 59 for woman. As she sees it, passivity is no 60 than a kind of openness and warmth; it does not mean “inactivity of emptiness”.

Another controversy 61 over the effect of hormones. Aggressive women, who 62 hormonal influence, disagree violently with scientific researchers, who almost 63 agree that hormones help determine how people feel and act. 64 far, there have been few studies of male hormones, but scientists think they may 65 discover hormonal cycles in men that produce 66 changes in mood and behavior. As 67 females, studies have indicated that 49% of female medical and surgical admissions, most psychiatric hospital admission and 62% of violent 68 among women 69 are

related with 70 cycles in women.

51. A. bigger B. greater C. larger D. stronger

52. A. dependence B. obedience C. autonomy D. ambition

53. A. against B. with C. behind D. from

54. A. doubt B. question C. suspicion D. problem

55. A. paternal B. maternal C. animal D. human

56. A. female B. sisterly C. own D. young

57. A. restrictive B. offensive C. instructive D. protectively

58. A. confusing B. contrary C. controversial D. contending

59. A. appropriate B. regulated C. approximate D. formulated

60. A. merely B. rather C. more D. less

61. A. runs B. ranges C. tracks D. watches

62. A. refuse B. disconcert C. ignore D. discount

63. A. stubbornly B. deliberately C. willingly D. unanimously

64. A. So B. By C. Thus D. Too

65. A. eventually B. successively C. potentially D. expectedly

66. A. regular B. monthly C. cyclic D. radical

67. A. among B. to C. for D. with

68. A. wrongs B. crimes C. sufferings D. feelings

69. A. actors B. patients C. prisoners D. doctors

70. A. emotional B. monthly C. regular D. hormonal

IV Translation (30%)

Part A (20%)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. To most people it is not easy to explain why Einstein’s theory eventually shook the whole scientific and intellectual world. But because of it, scientists never again regarded the world as they had before. Basically, the theory proposed, among other things, that the greatest speed possible in the universe is that of light ; that mass appears to increase with speed ; that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases ; and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable. This latter

claim, based on the formula E = mc2 (energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light) was later proved by atomic fission, on which the atomic bomb is based. Later in life, when Einstein was asked to explain his law of relativity to a group of young students, he said: “When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, you think it’s only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it’s two hours. That is relativity. ”

Part B (10%)

Translate the following sentences into English.

71. “宁为鸡首，不为牛后。”这句谚语的确是中国人偏爱自己创业的最佳注解。

72. —场大地震，震碎了许多家庭，震垮了许多房子，却拉近了人与人的感情、地方与地方的距离。

73. 随着总统选举活动不断升温，“中国”两字将会越来越频繁地出现在新闻报道中。

74. 这次演讲的题目应是留学生在美国的生活，他却东拉西扯，说到南极探险上去了，真是离题万里。

75. 目前旅居法国的作家郑宝娟，嫁给来自四川的先生，几年前随他返乡探亲后，也见识了麻辣火锅在当地的威势。

V Writing (20%)

Directions: Some people regard attending college as an important step to a good job and so students should choose career-oriented courses, while others consider higher education an enrichment of life and encourage students to pursue whatever they are interested in. Please write a composition to comment on both views and give your own opinion. Your composition should be about 150 English words. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.