考博英语翻译英译汉技巧

考博英语翻译英译汉技巧

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1. 选择恰当的英语词汇

有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。

e.g. “”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情

有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g. “宣传”：publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则：

(1) 选适合上下文的词汇

e.g. “观众”：audience, viewer, spectator

分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment

词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。

e.g. 近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些家务繁重的女工。

“就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已成问题，即失业问题)

“没有工作的妇女”：women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内)

(2) 要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同

e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。

②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh.

② What he said make us laugh.

We all smile at what he said.

(3) 选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。

e.g. ①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

Their curiosity has been fulfilled. Their curiosity has been satisfied.

Fulfill：满足某人的愿望和要求等，不能用于满足好奇心

②他负责学生会的工作。

He was responsible for the student union. He was in charge of the student union.

Be responsible for：对某事的发生或后果负责 Be in charge of：负责某工作

③现在要办成事，关系是非常重要的。

Relationship is very important to do anything nowadays.

Nowadays social connections are very important to get things done. “关系”：社会关系

使用动词不能望文生义。 e.g. “接受”：receive 接受惩罚：receive punishment

接受检阅：pass in review 接受敬礼：take the salute 接受救济：be on relief

接受手术：go under the operation 接受挑战：rise to the challenge

(4) 注意词的内在含义，特别是对于含贬义的词要慎用

e.g. 新来的经理很能干，但是也很固执。

The new manager is capable but pigheaded.

The new manager is capable but stubborn.

(1) 看清句子的主语与谓语

e.g. ①晚上躺在这张陌生的床上实在使我难以入睡。

At night, being on a strange bed prevented me from sleeping. At night, I couldn’t fall asleep on a different bed. ②非法停车将被拖走。

Illegal parking will be towed away. Illegal parked cars will be towedaway.

(2) 理清句子与句子之间以及主句与从句之间的关系。

一定要先把主句结构译出来，形成译文的骨架，然后再加进其他成分。

e.g. 专利是一种文件，发明人根据该文件可以控制使用他的发明物的权利。 A patent is an official documentby which an inventor can control the right to use his

invention.

3. 英语译文要简洁，要符合英语的表达习惯

(1) 有些汉语中表示抽象范畴的词可以省去

e.g. ①在很多情况下，学生都是到最后期限才写论文。

Many students write their papers just before the deadline.

②两国之间的战争状态终于结束了。

The war between the two countries was over.

③他为了中国人民的解放事业贡献了自己的一生。

He devoted his whole life to the liberation of Chinese People.

(2) 有些在汉语中重复出现的词语可以省略

e.g. 我们应该善于发现问题，分析问题，解决问题。

We should be able to find, analyze and solve problems.

(3) 有些汉语中重复的意思不必重复翻译

e.g. ①他故意说谎。

He is telling a deliberate lie.

He is telling a lie.

②我们想知道这项研究项目的最终结果。

We want to know the final outcome of the research project. We want to know the outcome of the research project.

(4) 汉语中表示动作时间的词和一些习惯性加的动词可以省去

e.g. ①他一直在这个学校教书教了10年。

He has been teaching in this school for 10 years. ②有许多人对这本书感兴趣。

There are many people who are interested in this book.

Many people are interested in this book.

4. 汉译英时要注意英语中代词指代的准确性以及修饰结构的位置，以免造成意思上的混

乱。

e.g. ①小李的爸爸让他把书放好。

Xiao Li’s father told him to put his books away.

Xiao Li’s father told him: “Put your books away”. ②这所大学有许多国内外著名的教授。

The university has many well-known professors at home and abroad. Theuniversity has many professors well-known at home and abroad.

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