2017年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题07

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Passage Four

Optical illusions are like magic, thrilling us because of their capacity to reveal the fallibility of our senses. But there’s more to them than that, according to Dr. Beau Lotto, who is wowing the scientific world with work that crosses the boundaries of art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.What they reveal, he says, is that the whole world is the creation of our brain. What we see, what we hear, feel and what we think we know is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to what is the most useful way of seeing the world. It’s a best guess based on the past experience of the individual, a long evolutionary past that has shaped the structure of our brains. The

world is literally shaped by our pasts.

Dr, Lotto, 40, an American who is a reader in neuroscience at University College London, has set out to prove it in stunning visual illusions, sculptures and installations, which have been included in art-science exhibitions. He explains his complex ideas from the starting point of visual illusions, which far from revealing how fragile our senses are show how remarkably robust they are at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us. For centuries, artists and scientists have noted that a grey dot looks lighter against a dark background than being against a light background. The conventional belief was that it was because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired. But Dr. Lotto believes it’s a learnt response； in other words, we see the world not as it is but as it is useful to us.

“ Context is everything, because our brains have evolved to constantly re-define normality，” says Dr. Lotto. “What we see is defined by our own experiences of the past, but also by what the human race has experienced through its history. ”

This is illustrated by the fact that different cultures and communities have different viewpoints of the world, conditioned over generations. For example, Japanese people have a famous inability to distinguish between the “ R” and the “ L” sound. This arises because in Japanese the sounds are totally interchangeable. “Differentiating between them has never been useful, so the brain has never learnt to do it. It’s not

just that Japanese people find it hard to tell the difference. They literally cannot hear the difference." Dr. Lotto5 s experiments are grounding more and more hypotheses in hard science. “Yes，my work is idea-driven,M he says. “But lots of research, such as MRI brain scanning, is technique-driven. I don’t believe you can understand the brain by taking it out of its natural environment and looking at it in a laboratory. You have to look at what it evolved to do, and look at it in relationship to its ecology. ”

76. What does the word “them” in the first paragraph refer to?

A. Human senses. B. The fallibility of senses.

C. Revealing capacity. D. Optical illusions.

77. According to the passage, what is known about Dr. Beau Lotto?

A. Though he is a neuroscientist, he has shocked the scientific world with his extensive research in art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.

B.Dr. Lotto is a professor at University College London who is specialized in a number of disciplines such as art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.

C. Dr. Lotto has been attempting to exhibit his creative productions in art-science exhibitions in the hope of proving his idea on optical illusions.

D. Dr. Lotto has set out to create visual illusions, sculptures and installations which well combined the knowledge of art, neurology, natural history and philosophy.

78. Which of the following statements can be inferred from Dr. Lotto’s study?

A. People should believe their brains rather than their eyes as the world, to a great measure, is created and shaped by human brain.

B. People should never believe their senses for what they see, hear, feel, and the truth may be contrary to the photographic image of the world.

C. People should never believe their eyes for what they see are only accidental and temporary forms of the world , which varies in accordance with contexts.

D. People should be aware that their eyes can play tricks on them as what they see is actually created by their brains which are shaped by their past experiences.

79. According to Dr. Lotto, what is the reason for the fact that a grey dot looks lighter against a dark background than being against a light background?

A. It is a fact that the dot emerged to be lighter against a dark background than being against a light one.

B.Human senses are remarkably robust at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us through what they have learnt from past experiences.

C. It is because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.

D. Because the context in which the little dot placed has changed to be lighter.

80. Which of the following statements is true about the research in neuroscience?

A. Investigation on the brain involves scrutinizing a network in which both environment and the brain itself function together.

B.Both idea-driven and technique-driven are popular research methods in research study in neuroscience.

C. People cannot carry out research study on brain in laboratory where it is isolated from human body.

D. Brain can be investigated in isolation with other faculties and organs as long as the research is carried out in proper natural context.

点击返回全国医学博士英语统一考试真题汇总

素材来源：网络

>>点击注册会员，享更多英语考试相关资料，问题咨询可拨打电话400-111-9811