2015年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题05

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2015年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part H Vocabulary (10%)

Passage Two

Liver disease is the 12th-leading cause of death in the U. S. , chiefly because once it5 s determined that a patient needs a new liver, it’s very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there5 s no guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.

The livers aren ’ t grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold (支架)of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.

With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the blood vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days. The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats’ vascular systems. However, the current method isn * t perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can’t keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant).

But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong——and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants—lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.

66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to .

A. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the lab

B.explore the unknown functions of the human liver

C. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U. S.

D. address the source of liver transplants

67. What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren51 grown from scratch?

A. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.

B.A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.

C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liver.

D. Growing liver cells in the donor organ.

68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until .

A. duplicated synthetically

B. isolated from the healthy liver

C. repopulated with the healthy cells

D. the addition of some man-made blood vessels

69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?

A. The rats are wrong recipients.

B.The time point of the transplantation.

C. The short period of the recellularization.

D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.

70. The research team holds high hopes of .

A. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two years

B.the timetable for generating human livers in the lab

C. stem-cell research as the future of medicine

D. building a fully functioning liver into rats

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