2012年全国医学考博英语统一考试真题04

希赛网英语频道为大家整理2012年全国医学博士英语统一考试真题。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions ： In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A,B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

As the defining epidemic of a modern age notable for overconsumption and excess, obesity is hard to beat. The increased availability of high-fat, high sugar foods, along with more sedentary lifestyles, has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond 400 million, and the number of overweight to more than 1.6 billion. By 2015, those figures are likely to grow to 700 million and 2.3 billion respectively, according to the World Health Organization. Given the health implications—increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers—anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a

good thing, right?

Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop " diet pills” that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight at any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine, which works by inducing a sense of fullness, is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity. But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention. There are several reasons for this. For a start, the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight, such as limiting what you eat, increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exer-

cise, are beneficial for our health in many ways.

Second, overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet. Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat. As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth, technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption.

Third, interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person5 s personality and their mental and physical health.

We need two approaches: more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible, and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death. Cynics will say we’ve tried education and it hasn’t worked. That is defeatist: getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort, held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need, and by the food industry ’ s ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few—as a last resort. But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.

61. In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect .

A. a close link between growing obese and developing disease

B. the inevitable diseases of modern civilization

C. the war against the epidemic we have lost

D. the urgency of the global phenomenon

62. When it comes to the recently reported diet pills, the author would say that .

A. drugs are no replacement of prevention

B. the technical advance is not necessarily good news

C. the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemic

D. the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified

63. Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author’s argument?

A. Belittling good health behavior.

B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.

C. Making trouble for our social environment.

D. Having implications for mental and physical health.

64. The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against .

A. their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foods

B.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesity

C. their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesity

D. the defeatism prevailing in the general populations

65. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. No Quick Fix B. Disease of Civilization

C. Pursuing a Technical Fix D. A War on Global Obesity

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