2017年武汉大学考博英语真题7

Chinese- English Translation

为了找到实验室试验的替代实验，经济学家会密切关注由历史提供的自然实验。例如，当中东的一次战争中断了原油供应时， 油价在全球范围内狂涨。对于石油及石油产品的消费者来说，这样的一次事件会降低生活水平。 对于经济决策者来说，它给他们出了一道难题，即如何做出最佳应对。但对于经济学家来说，它为研究重要自然资源对世界经济的影响提供了一次机会， 且这种机会在战时的油价飞涨结束很久依然存在。因此，整本书中，我们会分析很多历史事件。这些历史事件值得研究，因为，它们让我们对旧时的经济有所了解，更重要的是，因为它们使我们能够说明和评价当今的经济理论。

【参考翻译】

To find alternatives to laboratory experiments, economists pay close attention to natural experiments provided by history. When a war in the Middle East disrupted crude supplies, for example, oil prices soared around the world. For consumers of oil and petroleum products, such an event would lower living standards. For economic policymakers, it presents them with a dilemma of how best to respond. But for economists, it offers an opportunity to study the impact of important natural resources on the world economy, and that opportunity persisted long after the wartime surge in oil prices ended. So throughout the book, we're going to analyze a lot of historical events. These historical events are worth studying because they give us a sense of the economy of the past and, more importantly, because they enable us to explain and evaluate the economic theory of the present day.

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