2014年四川大学考博英语真题1

Reading Comprehension 1

In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,Nell-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and"human-relations"experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century"free enterprise"capitalism?Certainly not.Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system form,a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima,production and consumption are ends in themselves,into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.

1．By"a well-oiled cog in the machinery"the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.

A．a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

B．working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

C．an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society

D．a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly

2．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.

A．they are likely to lose their jobs

B．they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

C．they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

D．they are deprived of their individuality and independence

3．From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.

A．who are at the bottom of the society

B．who are higher up in their social status

C．who prove better than their fellow-competitors

D．who could dip fir away from this competitive world

4．To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.

A．resort to the production mode of our ancestors

B．offer higher wages to the workers and employees

C．enable man to fully develop his potentialities

D．take the fundamental realities for granted

5．The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.

A．approval

B．dissatisfaction

C．suspicion

D．susceptibility

【参考翻译】

总的来说，我们的社会正在成为由官僚管理指导的大型企业之一，在这种管理下，人成了机器中一个小小的、运转良好的齿轮。石油是通过更高的工资、通风良好的工厂和管道音乐，以及心理学家和“人际关系”希赛网来完成的;然而，所有这些石油并没有改变一个事实，那就是人类已经变得无能为力了，他已经对此感到厌倦了。事实上，蓝领和白领已经变成了随着自动化机器和官僚管理的节拍起舞的经济傀儡。

工人和雇员都很焦虑，不仅是因为他们可能会失业，还因为他们无法从有趣的生活中获得真正的满足感。他们生与死，从来没有作为情感上、智力上独立和多产的人类，面对人类生存的基本现实。

那些社会地位较高的人也同样焦虑不安。他们的生活和他们的下属一样空虚。在某些方面，他们甚至更加不安全。他们在激烈的竞争中。被提升或落后不是薪水的问题，而是自尊的问题。当他们申请第一份工作时，他们不仅要接受智力测试，还要接受顺从和独立的恰当混合测试。从那一刻起，他们就一次次地接受测试——对心理学家来说，测试是一项大生意，而他们的上级则会评判他们的行为、社交能力、相处能力等等。不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好，甚至比对手更好，这就不断地产生焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。

我是在建议我们应该回到工业化前的生产方式，还是回到19世纪的“自由企业”资本主义?当然不是。回到一个已经长大的阶段，永远无法解决的问题。我建议把我们的社会制度形式，一种以最大限度、生产和消费为目的的官僚管理的工业主义，转变为一种以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业主义中，人和他的潜力的充分开发——所有的爱和理性——是社会安排的目标。生产和消费只应作为达到这一目的的手段，并应防止统治人类。

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