2018年全国教育学考研英语一真题及答案完整版

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .

 4 , why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9 : In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

 11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15 .Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the “ 20 ”tester participated in a follow-up activity.8694

1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from

2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest

3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price

4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again

5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When

6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains

7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare

8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to

9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle

10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters

11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic

12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight

13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over

14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted

15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside

16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered

17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked

18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled

19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance

20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?

Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.

This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.

The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.

The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.

Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.

21.Who will be most threatened by automation?

[A] Leading politicians.

[B]Low-wage laborers.

[C]Robot owners.

[D]Middle-class workers.

22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.

[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided

23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on

[A] creative potential. [B]job-hunting skills. [C]individual needs. [D]cooperative spirit.

24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at

[A]encouraging the development of automation.

[B]increasing the return on capital investment.

[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.

[D]preventing the income gap from widening.

25.In this text, the author presents a problem with

[A] opposing views on it. [B]possible solutions to it. [C]its alarming impacts. [D]its major variations.

Text 2

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.

[C] the administrations ability to handle information.

[D] social media was a reliable source of news.

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

[A] sharpen [B] define [C] boast [D] share

28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people

[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.

[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is

[A] readers outdated values.

[B] journalists’ biased reporting

[C] readers’ misinterpretation

[D] journalists’ made-up stories.

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.

Text 3

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.

DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.

The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.

31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?

[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.

[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.

[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations

[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.

32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with

[A] empty promises.

[B] tough resistance.

[C] necessary adjustments.

[D] sincere apologies.

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.

[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.

[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.

[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it

34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.

[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.

35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is

[A] ambiguous. [B] cautious. [C] appreciative. [D] contemptuous.

Text 4

The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality

And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.

If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.

36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by

[A]. its unbalanced budget.

[B] .its rigid management.

[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.

[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.

37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to

[A]. the interference from interest groups.

[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.

[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.

[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.

38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by

[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.

[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.

[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.

[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.

39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with

[A] respect. [B] tolerance.[ C] discontent. [D] gratitude.

40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days

[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese

[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure

[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.

B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.

C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.

D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.

F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.

G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.

41. →C→ 42. → 43. → F→ 44. →45.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions：

Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.

You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEET

Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1)describe the pictures briefly

2)interpret the meaning and

3)give your comments(20 points)

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points )

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题答案详解

Section I Use of English

1、[答案][B] for

2、[答案][C] faith

3、[答案][B] price

4、[答案][D] Then

5、[答案][A] When

6、[答案][C] produce

7、[答案][A] connect

8、[答案][B] to

9、[答案][D] mood

10、[答案][A] counterparts

11、[答案][C] Lucky

12、[答案][A] protect

13、[答案][D] between

14、[答案][C] introduced

15、[答案][B] inside

16、[答案][D] discovered

17、[答案][A] fooled

18、[答案][B] willing

19、[答案][D] In contrast

20、[答案][C] unreliable

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、[答案]D Middle-class workers

22、[答案]C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

23、[答案]A creative potential

24、[答案]D preventing the income gap from widening

25、[答案]B possible solutions to it

Text 2

26、[答案][D] social media as a reliable source of news

27、[答案][A] sharpen

28。 [答案]B verify news by referring to diverse sources。

29。 [答案]C readers’ misinterpretation

30。 [答案]A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

Text 3

31、[答案][B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights。

32、[答案][C] necessary adjustments。

33、[答案][D] the value of data comes from the processing of it。

34、[答案][D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants。

35、[答案][B] cautious

Text 4

36、[答案][B] its rigid management

37、[答案][A] the interference from interest groups

38、[答案][A] removing its burden of retiree health care

39、[答案][C] discontent

40、[答案][D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

Part B

41、[答案] [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…

42、[答案][G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

43、[答案][A] In December of 1869， Congress appointed…

44、[答案][B] Completed in 1875， the State Department’s south wing…

45、[答案][D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

Section III Translation

(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama， and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。

[题目考点]代词还原;并列结构

[句子结构]and 并列两个句子，主干分别为：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama 为定语修饰 the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy 为状语

[重点词汇]witness 见证 religious 宗教的 drama 戏剧 incentive 刺激

[参考译文]莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下， 很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

(47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England。

[题目考点]定语从句;宾语从句;并列结构

[句子结构]主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引导的定语从句修饰 boy， that 引导为形容词 ignorant 的宾语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰 a form of literature， gave…and might bring honor…为先行词 a form of literature 的并列谓语结构。

[重点词汇]grammar school 文法学校 ignorant 忽视 literature 文学 glory 荣耀

[参考译文]任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣 耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

(48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters， and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood。

[题目考点]并列句

[句子结构]并列句主干分别为：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

[重点词汇]professional 专业的 prosper 繁荣 permanent theater 一直性剧院

[参考译文]但是专业公司的一直性剧院却兴旺起来，于是高校一些有着文学抱负的人迅 速抓住机遇，将其作为一个谋生手段。

(49) A native literary drama had been created， its alliance with the public playhouses established， and at least some of its great traditions had been begun。

[题目考点]伴随状语，并列结构，被动语态

[句子结构]本句是一个由 and 连接的并列句。and 前的句子主干为一个被动语态的简单 句：a … drama had been created， with 引导一个伴随状语;and 后的句子也为一个被动语 态的简单句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

[重点词汇]alliance 作为名词意为“联盟，联合;联姻”，常与介词 with 进行搭配使用。 establish 作为动词意为“建立，创办”，也可引申为“诞生”。at least 为固定搭配，表示“至 少”。tradition 作为名词表示“传统，惯例”。

[参考译文]一种本土文学戏剧形式诞生了，它与公共剧院结成联盟，至少它的一些优良 传统开始登上历史舞台了。

(50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity， we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost， and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived。

[题目考点]非谓语，宾语从句，定语从句

[句子结构]本句结构较为复杂，主句部分为“we must remember…”，主句之前的非谓 语 to realize 作为目的状语，后接了一个 how 引导的宾语从句。主句中，两个 that 分别引导 了两个 remember 的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句中，有一个 whose 引导的定语从句，修 饰 author of note。

[重点词汇]realize 作为动词表示“实现，了解，认识到”。dramatic 为 drama 的形容词形 式，意思为“戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的”。survive 作为动词表示“幸存，活下来; 比…活得长”。hosts of 表示“大量的”。

[参考译文]为了了解戏剧性活动有多么伟大，我们必须牢记大量的戏剧已经被遗忘了， 并且有可能没有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下来。

Section IV Writing

51.[参考范文]

Dear professors，

I’m on behalf of the Students’ Union， am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony。

The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning， from 9 a.m。 to 11 a.m。 The details about the ceremony are as follows。 First and foremost， the president will make a speech for the graduates， blessing them to have a bright future。 In addition， several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates。

It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony。 Therefore， we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day。

Your sincerely，

Li Ming

52.[参考范文]

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer， a college student is choosing his optional class， wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course。 Simple as the picture is， the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking。

It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone， especially college students，

should have the spirit of creation and innovation。 To put it another way， innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed。 This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma， at least once in life。 Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life。 Then there are two choices before him： making a creative choice or an easier one。 If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier， difficult as it will be， success will be the result one day。 However， although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment， the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition， and such choice then will be a pity all his life。