2015年湖北成考学位英语真题（含译文及参考答案）

2015年湖北成考学位英语真题（含译文及参考答案）

小编推荐：全国历年成人高考学位英语真题及答案汇总

Part I Vocabulary and Structure(20 points)

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C, and D.Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. ()means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

A. Creativity

B. Duality

C. Arbitrariness

D. Displacement

2. ()distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole.

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Gilman

D. Brown

3. ()is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.

A. Psycholinguistics

B. Sociolinguistics

C.Anthropological linguistics

D.Computational linguistics

4.The words such as "smog" and "brunch" are called ().

A. abbreviation

B. acronym

C. back-formation

D. blending

5.For example, the word" bead" originally means "prayer", but later it refers to "the prayer bead", and finally "small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood" .It is called ().

A.meaning shift

B.broadening

C.narrowing

D.borrowing

6. ()there is fresh air, there is oxygen.

A. Wherever

B.Whenever

C. Unless

D.Whether

7.The factory operated ()until the order was filled.

A.at times

B.to the minute

C.day by day

D.around the clock

8.After working for the firm for ten years, he finally ()the rank of deputy director.

A. achieved

B. approached

C. attained

D. acquired

9.If we ()our test tomorrow, I would have gone to the concert.

A.weren't to have

B.hadn't been to have

C.aren't to have

D.hadn't had

10.Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?

A.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.

B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.

C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.

D.It's sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.

11. ()you said is true, there are still other factors to be considered.

A.Supposed that what

B.Supposing what that

C.Granted that what

D.Considered what that

12.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ()of vegetables in the coming days.

A. rarity

B. scarcity

C. invalidity

D. variety

13.To the scientists' delight, their efforts have increased people's ()of the importance of saving water.

A. awareness

B. commitment

C. agreement

D. response

14.The word "chronology" contains ()morphemes.

A.4

B.3

C.2

D.5

15.Judging from her speeches and behaviors Marry has a strict ().

A. growth

B. upbringing

C. development

D. cultivation

16. ()your valuable help, we couldn't have finished the experiment ahead of time.

A.If it were not for

B.Had it not been for

C.Were it not for

D.If it has not been for

17. It was with great joy ()he knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.

A.when

B.with

C.what

D.that

18.You can sleep on the couch in the lounge, ()you can go to a hotel nearby.

A. and

B. then

C. or

D. but

19.I'd rather you ()make any comment on the issue for the time being.

A. don't

B. wouldn't

C. didn't

D. shouldn't

20.The river is ()that one.

A.as three times long as

B.the third time as

C.three times the length of

D.three times longer as

【答案】1-10 BBBDAADCAD

11-20 CBACBBDCCC

Part 11 Reading Comprehension(40 points)

Directions: in this part There are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B ,C and D.Choose the one you think is the best answer.then mark the corresponding letter in the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center.

Passage One

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming( 把…按能力分班)pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.

In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs;sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate.We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently.An advanced pupil can do advanced work;it does not matter what age the child is.We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

21.In the passage the writer's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ().

A. critical

B. questioning

C. approving

D. objective

22.By "held back" the writer means"()".

A.made to remain in the same classes

B.forced to study in the lower classes

C.drawn to their studies

D.prevented from advancing

23. The writer argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's ().

A.personal qualities and social skills

B.total personality

C.learning ability and communicative skills

D.intellectual ability

24.Which of the following is not mentioned in the third paragraph?

A.Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.

B.Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.

C.Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.

D.Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

25.The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to ().

A.argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

B.recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities

C.offer advice on the proper use of the library

D.emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

【答案】21-25 CDBDD

Passage Two

There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me.I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old, just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage (孤儿院) turned me into an old man.

I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in my dormitory.

After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.

I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after another, and then took thegn from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.

How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty.I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.

When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement(水泥) step and went inside to answer the phone.I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out.It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin.Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.

I picked up the torn wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back.But it would not stay on him.

26.The author set the living butterfly free because ().

A.he liked it very much

B.he had sympathy for the beautiful butterfly

C.he couldn't bear a butterfly dying in his favorite bushes

D.its wing broke off

27.According to the passage, the author's life in the orphanage was ().

A.dull and full of strict rules

B.simple and easy

C.happy and full of hope

D.hard and busy

28. What is the author's attitude towards the house parent's pinning some butterflies on the cardboard?

A. tolerant

B. unconcerned

C. disgusted

D. discouraged

29.We know from the passage that ().

A.the author lived alone in the dormitory

B.there were one hundred butterflies living in the bushes

C.the cardboard paper was left on the step so as to be watched

D.the author failed to stick the worn wing onto the butterfly with his spit

30.Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.I found beauty meant nothing special to me.

B.The house parent helped the children handle the quilt.

C.The house parent chased the butterfly in order to show it to the children.

D.I thought it cruel to catch the butterfly.

【答案】26-30 BACDD

Passage Three

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feeling by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.

According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie".For instance, when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress, she really thinks it looks awful.

However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying "I wish I were somewhere else now" .They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose.

One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man-watching calls "the mouth cover". He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting the hand at one side of the mouth.Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

31.According to the passage, a "white lie" seems to be a lie ().

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don't believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone

32.Research suggests that women ().

A.are better at telling less serious lies than men

B.generally lie far more than men do

C.often make promises they intend to break

D.lie at parties more often that men do

33.Researchers find that when a person tells lies ().

A.his blood pressure increases measurably

B.he looks very serious

C.he tends to make some small changes in his behavior

D.he uses his unconscious mind

34.One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they tell lies is that ().

A.they wish they were somewhere else

B.the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C.they want to cover their mouths

D.they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

35.Which of the following may best betray a liar?

A.The touching of the tip of one's nose.

B.The changes of one's behavior.

C."The mouth cover" gesture.

D.The circumstances in which his lie is told.

【答案】31-35 CACBD

Passage Four

Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earth's rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils. Burning up fuels, we pumped a great deal of greenhouse gases into the air, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere and warming the planet in just a few decades.And as our population began in the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every, day, including the first primate(灵长类) to disappear in more than 100 years.

As the start of the 21st century there were unmistakable signs that nature was beginning to take its revenge. Melting ice in both poles of the earth suggested that the climate was changing rapidly. Weather was even more changeable than usual, giving some places too little rain and others too much.Fires raced across the dried American West last summer, and recent storms spread damages from Britain to China.No specific event could be directly blamed on global warming.Floods and drought will be more frequent and severe.Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling grain and fish harvests and fierce competition for scarce water supplies.

But there were also, in the year 2000, signs of great awareness.Connected by the Internet, hundreds of millions of people gathered for the 30th anniversary of Earth Day. Governments from Washington to Lima took steps to protect the large wild areas from development. Progress was made toward using more renewable energy from the wind and the sun, and new cars that used both gasoline and electricity spotted(显示) fuel-economy statistics.

The goal for the new century is "sustainable development" .Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.

36.What is the result of the human control over the nature?

A.Natural resources are being exhausted.

B.There is a global warming effect.

C.Species of animals and plants are reduced.

D.All of the above.

37.It can be inferred from the passage that scarce water supplies are directly caused by ().

A.less ice in both poles

B.the more changeable weather

C.something not mentioned in the text

D.the larger population

38.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Ameriea suffered a lot from fires last summer.

B.The American government tried to stop development.

C.Humanity built many dams in the past century.

D.Dozens of animals and plants will no longer exist in more than 100 years.

39.The phrase " sustainable development" in the last paragraph probably means that economic development will ().

A.continue for a long time

B.be more profitable than before

C. support our growing population

D.make full use of natural resources

40.The main purpose of the author is to make us ().

A.see what damage humanity did to nature

B.fight with nature and control it

C.have more celebrations of Earth Day

D.aware of the importance of environment protection

【答案】36-40 DDCAD

Part m Cloze ( 10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage,For each blank there are 4 choices markedA,B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center.

Nowadays, air travel is very 41 .We are not surprised when we watch on TV that a politician has talked with French President in Paris and attended a meeting in Beijing on the same day.

However, if a person takes long-distance flying frequently, he can be so tired that he maybe feel his brain is in one country, his 42 in another.In a word, he 43 knows where he is.

When we fly from east to west or vice versa, the 44 we experience after taking along-distance flying is aggravated, because we cross time zones. According to doctors, air travelers, after crossing several time zones, are in no 45 to go to work, and they should go straight to bed 46 arrival.

As to airline pilots who often live by their own watches and ignore local time, there is no need for them to worry about their health although they sometimes have breakfast at midnight, because they are used to 47 and are physically fit.

Many businessmen like long-distance flights, thinking they are 48 to have been chosen and they are out for promotion.They are lucky.if the company follows the doctor's advice and allow them to rest for a day or two before working.However, sometimes the manager is so energetic that he believes everyone is 49 to be as fit as he is.Since he has never felt uncomfortable after flying himself, the work he assigns is so 50 that the employee is too exhausted to carry the work out satisfactorily.That is disastrous for the employee's health and the company's reputation.

41.A.ordinary

B.common

C.plain

D.usual

42. A. digestion

B. concentration

C. friends

D.life

43. A. almost

B. nearly

C. hardly

D. practically

44. A.weary

B. fatigue

C. tired

D. strain

45. A. status

B. state

C. situation

D. condition

46.A.in

B.when

C.after

D.on

47. A. fly

B. flying

C.live

D.lives

48. A. favored

B. flattened

C. flayed

D. flattered

49.A.likely

B.supposed

C.going

D.expected

50. A. demeaning

B. demanding

C. demonstrative

D. deplorable

【答案】41-50 BACBDDBDBB

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共50分)

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号用黑色签字笔填写在试卷密封线内指定位置。

2.用黑色签字笔将答案直接答在卷面指定位置。

3.考试结束时，考生将本试卷交回。

Part IV Translation( 20 points)

Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate the underlined sentences marked from 51-55 into Chinese.You should write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees.These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language ( typically called a corporate ethics statement), or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes).51They are generally meant to identify the company's expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise in the course of doing business.52 It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness , consistency in application, andthe avoidance of ethical disasters.

53. An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company's policies, specific case studies, and leEal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company's rules of conduct.

Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct.A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior.Lying has become expected in fields such as trading.An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers.

Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment.

Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company's legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen.Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules.54 .Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.

Sometimes there is disconnection between the company's code of ethics and the company's actual practices. 55. Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派的) , and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.

51.【译文】它们的目的是，在处理一些在做业务过程中可能出现的更普遍的伦理问题时，确定公司对员工的预期并提供指导。

52.【译文】希望拥有这样的政策将带来更强的道德意识、运用的连贯性及道德灾难的避免。

53.【译文】越来越多的公司也要求员工参加与商业行为有关的研讨会，这些会议通常包含公司政策、具体的案例分析及法律要求。

54.【译文】如果发生诉讼，公司将宣称，假如员工完全遵守了条例，就不会发生问题。

55.【译文】因此，无论这种行为是否由管理层明确批准，最坏的结果是，它将使政策变得模棱两可，最好的结果是，它仅仅是一个营销工具。

Part V Writing(30 points)

56.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it.

In your essay, you should

(1) describe the cartoon briefly;

(2) analyze this situation ;

(3) give your comments.'

You should write 100--150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

56.One possible version:

Noise Pollution

The cartoon shows another kind of pollution for us. Besides the air pollution, noise pollution is becoming a more and more serious problem, whether in cities or countryside.

With the development of machines, noise has also increased greatly in the 21th century.We live surrounded by loud planes, trucks and electric tools.TV sets and radios add up to 90 or 100 decibels, a certain unit used to measure the loudness of sound.A normal dialogue reaches 55 decibels; a plane goes to 100, and an ordinary train, reaching the station,can be twice as loud as the loudest plane.Disco music reaches about 118.At high decibels the ear stops hearing sound, and pain starts.How terrible if things go on like this!

It seems impossible to avoid all noises.But we can take measures to reduce noise.For example, many cities forbid cars pushing horn in the evening or in city centre. Planting more trees is another way to relieve the pollution since trees help absorb sound.I hope the government will take more and more powerful steps to reduce noise, so that people can live a peaceful life !